Cleopatra IV

Cleopatra IV
Cleopatra IV
Queen of Egypt
Reign	116–115 BC
Coronation	116 BC
Predecessor	Ptolemy VIII; Cleopatra III
Successor	Ptolemy IX; Cleopatra III
Co-rulers	Ptolemy IX; Cleopatra III
Seleucid Queen (Queen Consort of Syria)
Tenure	114–112 BC (in opposition to queen consort Tryphaena)
Coronation	114 BC
Born	c. 138 – 135 BC
Died	112 BC (aged 22–26)
Spouse	Ptolemy IX (c. 119/118 BC–c. 115 BC); Antiochus IX (married c. 115–12 BC);
Issue	Ptolemy XII (possibly); Ptolemy of Cyprus (possibly); Antiochus X (possibly); Cleopatra V (possibly);
Dynasty	Ptolemaic
Father	Ptolemy VIII Physcon
Mother	Cleopatra III of Egypt

Cleopatra IV (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα) was Queen of Egypt briefly from 116 to 115 BC, jointly with her husband Ptolemy IX Lathyros. She later became queen consort of the Seleucid king of Syria as the wife of Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.^[1]^[2]

Biography

Queen of Egypt

Cleopatra IV was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III of Egypt. She was born between 138 and 135 BC. She was the sister of Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, Cleopatra Selene I and Tryphaena.

Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX when he was still a prince in c. 119/118 BC. Cleopatra IV may be the mother of Ptolemy XII Auletes and Ptolemy of Cyprus, although an unnamed concubine could be the mother of these two men as well.^[1]

In c. 115 BC Cleopatra III forced Cleopatra IV and Ptolemy IX to divorce. She replaced Cleopatra IV with her sister Cleopatra Selene.^[3]

Queen of Syria and death

After her forced divorce, Cleopatra IV fled Egypt and went to Cyprus, where she married Antiochus IX Cyzicenus and brought him the army of his half brother Seleucid King Antiochus VIII Grypus of Syria, which she had convinced to follow her. Grypus fought Cyzicenus and eventually chased him to Antioch. Grypus was married to Cleopatra IV's sister Tryphaena. Tryphaena decided that Cleopatra IV should die and over the protests of her husband summoned some soldiers and had Cleopatra IV murdered in the sanctuary of Daphne in Antioch.^[2]^[4]

In his comprehensive website about Ptolemaic genealogy, Christopher Bennett also notes the possibility that Cleopatra IV, from her brief marriage to Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, may have been the mother of the later Seleucid monarch, Antiochus X Eusebes ("the Pious").^[5] Antiochus X would go on to marry Cleopatra IV's younger sister, Cleopatra Selene, thus making him the spouse of a woman who was his stepmother (Selene married both of her sisters' widowers, Grypus and Cyzicenus, before marrying Eusebes) and perhaps his maternal aunt.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Cleopatra IV

16. Ptolemy III Euergetes

8. Ptolemy IV Philopator

17. Berenice II of Egypt

4. Ptolemy V Epiphanes^[2]

18. =16. Ptolemy III Euergetes

9. Arsinoe III of Egypt

19. =17. Berenice II of Egypt

2. Ptolemy VIII Physcon^[2]

20. Seleucus II Callinicus

10. Antiochus III the Great

21. Laodice II

5. Cleopatra I of Egypt^[2]

22. Mithridates II of Pontus

11. Laodice III

23. Laodice (wife of Mithridates II of Pontus) (Sister of No. 20)

1. Cleopatra IV

24. =8. Ptolemy IV Philopator

12. =4. Ptolemy V Epiphanes^[2]

25. =9. Arsinoe III of Egypt

6. Ptolemy VI Philometor^[2]

26. =10. Antiochus III the Great

13. =5. Cleopatra I of Egypt^[2]

27. =11. Laodice III

3. Cleopatra III of Egypt^[2]

28. =8/24. Ptolemy IV Philopator

14. =4/12. Ptolemy V Epiphanes^[2]

29. =9/25. Arsinoe III of Egypt

7. Cleopatra II of Egypt^[2]

30. =10/26. Antiochus III the Great

15. =5/13. Cleopatra I of Egypt^[2]

31. =11/27. Laodice III

References

^ ^a ^b Cleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
^ Justin 39, 3, 2.
^ Justin 39, 3, 3-11.
^ Chris Bennett: Arsinoe IV

External links

Cleopatra IV, at Livius.org

Regnal titles
Cleopatra IV Ptolemaic dynasty Born: c. 138 – 135 BC Died: 112 BC
Preceded by Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III	Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt 116–115 BC with Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra III	Succeeded by Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra III
Preceded by Tryphaena	Seleucid Queen (Queen Consort of Syria) 114–112 BC with Tryphaena	Succeeded by Tryphaena

[CB-1] Cleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.

[Dodson-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004

[3] Justin 39, 3, 2.

[4] Justin 39, 3, 3-11.

[5] Chris Bennett: Arsinoe IV

[1]

v t e Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
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Monarchs of Cyrene	Magas Berenice II Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion Cleopatra Selene II
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Cleopatra Thea Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Cleopatra Selene I Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
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Monarchs of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
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Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius's attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
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Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.