Brachyrhaphis roseni
| Cardinal brachy | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male (top) and female (bottom) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Family: | Poeciliidae |
| Genus: | Brachyrhaphis |
| Species: | B. roseni
|
| Binomial name | |
| Brachyrhaphis roseni Bussing, 1988
| |
Brachyrhaphis roseni, commonly known as the cardinal brachy, is a poeciliid fish from Central America.[2]
Brachyrhaphis roseni was scientifically described by William Bussing in 1988, but was known to livebearers enthusiasts from the 1960s.[3] It grows to 6 cm. The fish have a slightly arched body and twelve dark vertical stripes, which are normally more prominent in males. The dorsal fin is half orange with a dark margin. The caudal fin has an orange edge; in males there is also a dark band before the edge. There are commonly dark stripes near the base of the fin. The anal fin is yellowish with a dark blotch. B. roseni is similar to the related species B. rhabdophora.[2]
Brachyrhaphis roseni is distributed along the Pacific slope of Central America, from the drainage of the Coto Colorado River in Costa Rica to the Santa María River in western Panama.[2] The species is common throughout much of its range,[1] but rare in the south of Costa Rica.[2] It is frequently found together with B. terrabensis, but the latter species tends to replace it in headwaters.[4][5] In the north it is replaced by B. rhabdophora and in the south by other Brachyrhaphis species.[2]
Brachyrhaphis roseni lives in stagnant and slow to moderately fast flowing waters. It may be found on the surface or in the midwaters.[2] Its habitats are between 10 and 651 m above sea level,[6] and the water temperature ranges from 22 to 30 °C.[2] At lower elevations the temperature is higher, the flow is slower, and the substrate consists of sand, gravel, and mud, whereas at higher elevations the water is cooler and faster and runs over small stones and medium to large boulders.[6][1] B. roseni frequently occurs with a variety of predatory fish species.[7] One habitat, a creek by the Pan-American Highway near the border with Costa Rica–Panama border, is composed of large boulders, and there B. roseni stays in the shallow waters along with Rivulus hildebrandi; the deeper waters are inhabited by Poecilia gillii, a Curimata species, an Astyanax species, and certain cichlids, which are larger and dominate B. roseni.[3] An evolutionarily distinct population inhabits a sulphide-rich spring in the David River drainage.[8]
Brachyrhaphis roseni feeds chiefly on insects.[2] It gives birth to live young,[3] and reproduces throughout the year.[2] It may be kept in a home aquarium, but is known to be aggressive.[3] Captive breeding is challenging because the adults voraciously prey on their own young.[9] The species is fairly common in the ornamental fish trade. Most of the fish traded in Europe come from aquaculture.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Angulo, A.; Lyons, T.J. (2020). "Brachyrhaphis roseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T164691405A164691531. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164691405A164691531.en. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bussing, William A. (1998). Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. p. 207. ISBN 9977674892.
- ^ a b c d Dost, Uwe (April 2010). "Brachys from Costa Rica". Tropical Fish Hobbyist. TFH Publications. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ Ingley, Spencer J.; Johnson, Jerald B. (1 March 2016). "Selection is stronger in early-versus-late stages of divergence in a Neotropical livebearing fish". Biology Letters. 12 (3): 396–399. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.1022.
- ^ Stallsmith, Bruce (10 May 2018). "Reproductive differences between three species of Brachyrhaphis livebearing fishes in Panamá". Neotropical Biodiversity. 4: 62–69. doi:10.1080/23766808.2018.1467665.
- ^ a b Ingley, Spencer J. (2014). "Elevational range expansion in a neotropical live-bearing fish from Panama: implications for adaptive evolution". Southwestern Naturalist. 59: 396–399.
- ^ Ingley, Spencer J.; Reina, Ruth G.; Johnson, Jerald B. (August 2015). "Phylogenetic analyses provide insights into the historical biogeography and evolution of Brachyrhaphis fishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 89: 104–114. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.013.
- ^ Greenway, Ryan; Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin; Diaz, Pete; Tobler, Michael (2014). "Patterns of macroinvertebrate and fish diversity in freshwater sulphide springs". Diversity. 6 (3): 597–632.
- ^ Baensch, Hans A.; Rüdiger, Riehl (1998). Aquarium Atlas. Vol. 3. Steven Simpson Books. p. 596. ISBN 3882440538.
- ^ G. H. Burgess (1980). "Fundulis grandis". In Lee, D. S. (ed.). Atlas of North American Freshwater fishes. Raleigh, NC: N.C. State Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 516.