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Architects of Iran

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kharāghān twin towers, built in 1053 CE, Qazvin province

An Iranian architect is traditionally called a mi'mar (Persian: معمار, romanized: me'mâr; plural معماران me'mâran).

The Persian dictionary of Mo'in defines a mi'mar as:

  1. That who devises the design and plan of a building, and overlooks its construction.
  2. A Banna
  3. That who is responsible for the building, developing, and repairs of a structure or edifice (Emārat).

Classical words Banna, Mohandes, Ostad, and Amal which appear in classical manuals and references of Islamic architecture.

Although many scholars do not recognize the Mimar and the Architect to historically be the same, they do agree that their responsibilities overlap extensively. In this list, they are taken to be the same.

The list is in chronological order and selectively spans the Islamic age based on available records. There is little, if any, record of the numerous masters of architecture that built some of the early Islamic and pre-Islamic world's wonders of Iran. It is unknown who built the palaces of Bishapur, Firuzabad, Persepolis, Susa, or the many other spectacular ancient edifices of Greater Iran. No record of their names exists. Only the ruins of what they built give us a faint indication of what masters must have walked the face of this earth eons ago.

Many of the structures remaining today possibly had more than one architect working on them. Only one is mentioned in the following list, and only their most famous work is mentioned. The list also contains the names of builders whom exact dates have been attributed to their buildings.

Pre-Islamic

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First four centuries of the Islamic era

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13th century

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  • Moslem: Built the caravanserai of Sangbast in Khorasan in 1202CE.
  • Muhammad Rigi: Built Mil-e Radkan in Quchan in 1203CE.
  • Ahmad Ibn Bakr Marandi: Built the tomb of Keikavus in 1219CE.
  • Saeed Ibn Jafar al-Bana: Built a tower in Firuzabad, Fars.
  • Muahammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Alavi: Built the Congregation mosque of Bunaft in Yazd in 1234CE.
  • Ostad Zeinuddin Abu Rasheed: Built Hisar Khalaj in Baku in 1234CE.
  • Ostad Enayatollah Ibn Nizamulddin Mimar Isfahani: Built the Gonbad-e Sabz in Kerman in 1242CE.
  • Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Bana al-Tusi: Built the Madrasah of Sir Chali in Konya in 1242CE.
  • Nizamuddin ibn Ostad Ali ibn Ali ibn Najjar: Built the Imamzadeh Seyd Jafar in Damghan in 1264CE.
  • Badreddin Tabrizi: Built the tomb of Rumi in Konya in 1273CE.
  • Zinul-abedin Mimar: Built the Congregation mosque of Urmia in 1276CE.
  • Ostad Ali ibn Hosein Ali al-Ghazi: Built the Tomb of Sheikh Yusef Sarvestani in Fars in 1280CE.
  • Muhammad al-Hosein al-Mohandes al-bana Damghani: Built the tower of Burj-e Kashaneh in Bastam in 1299CE.

14th century

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The eight-minareted Soltaniyeh
  • Ostad Ali Haji al-Sanai al-Semnani: Built the Forumad mosque of Jajaram in Khorasan in 1319CE.
  • Muhammad Shah Naqqash: Built the tomb of Pir-e Bakran in Isfahan in 1302CE.
  • Sayyed Ali Shah: Built the Dome of Soltaniyeh in Zanjan in 1303CE also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Masoud Kermani: Built the Mihrab of Imamzadeh Rabi'eh Khatun in Ashtarjan, Isfahan, in 1306CE.
  • Heydar Yabadr: Built the mihrab of the Congregation mosque of Isfahan in 1310CE.
  • Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Bana: Built the Congregation mosque of Ashtarjan, Isfahan, in 1314CE.
  • Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn Ibitalib Mohandes Bana al-Damghani and his brother Haji: Built the tomb of Bayazid Bastami in 1323 CE.
  • Ostad Muhammad ibn Jamal Ahmad: Built the Burj-i Dozal tower near Tabriz.
  • Abu Taleb Damghani: Built Imamzadeh Jafar in Isfahan in 1324CE.
  • Muhammad ibn Umar al-Sheikh: Built the northern Iwan of Madraseh-i Imami in Isfahan in 1324CE.
  • Ali Qazvini: Built the Congregation mosque of Varamin in 1321CE.
  • Ali ibn Ibrahim: Built the mosque of Tajang, Yazd, 1328CE.
  • Ostad Aghajan ibn Damavandi: Built the Imamzadeh Abdollah in Damavand in 1329CE.
  • Haji Muhammad al-Bana Savoji: Built the caravanserai of Seen in Isfahan in 1330CE.
  • Khajeh Hosein ibn Seifuddin Mahmud ibn Taj Khajeh: Built the Congregation mosque of Marand in 1339CE.
  • Falaki Tabrizi: Built Arg-e Alishah in 1337CE.
  • Mafakhir an-Najjar Ustad Hasan ibn Jamal Ahmad Shir Gir: Built Imamzadeh Ghasem Azna in 1337CE.
  • Sayyed Ali Amir Hosein al-Bukhari: Built Bogh'eh Mir Muhamad in Kharg island in 1339CE.
  • Shokrollah: Built Congregation Mosque of Kerman, in 1348CE.
  • Ustad Shamsiddin: Built the tomb of Shu-juk Beiga, sister of Tamerlane in Samarkand in 1370CE.
  • Khajeh Hosein-e Shirazi: Built the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Kazakhstan in 1396CE.
  • Ustad Shirazi Mimar: Built the caravanserai of Dehbeed in Fars in 1384CE.
  • Ustad Arif ibn Ustad Musa Jibal: Built the haji Sheikhleh Emarate in Shiravan in 1384CE.
  • Ustad Ghashtasb ibn Musa: Built the public bath of Haji Zainuddin Damghani in sharvanshahan in 1387CE.

15th century

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Goharshad Mosque, built in 1418 CE by the orders of Goharshad, wife of Shah Rukh
  • Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Isfahani: Built the Gur-i Amir, tomb of Tamerlane, in Samarkand in 1403CE.
  • Sayyed Ali ibn Sayyed Kamaluddin Banna Amuli: Built the Burj-i Sultan Zainul-abideen in Sari in 1406CE.
  • Ghavameddin Shirazi: Built the Goharshad Mosque in 1417 CE.
  • Hasan Jafar Ustad Mimar Bashi: Built the Imamzadeh Abdollah tomb in Bafq.
  • Muhammad ibn Ghadir aka Ajor-tarash: Built the Darb-i Imam mosque in Isfahan in 1427CE.
  • Pasha ibn Bakshah Jamshid: Built the Emarat Shah Balu in the village of Ahu Dasht Natel Rastaq in 1435CE.
  • Ustad Haji Ahmad: Built The Ghal'eh Ghar Khalar in Darband in 1437CE.
  • Khajeh Mahmud Haj Zein Jame' Shirazi: Built the Mazar-e Sheikh Ahmad Jam complex in Khorasan in 1439CE.
  • Abdolqadir Isfahani: Built the mosque of Dabbagh-khaneh in Ankara in 1443CE.
  • Ustad Hasan ibn Ali Husein Bana Amuli: Built three extant structures in the village of Kajur in around 1443CE.
  • Ustad Ghitheddin Shirazi: Built the Congregation mosque of Khargerd in Khorasan in 1443CE.
  • Haydar Nafji: Built the khanqah of Nasr-abad in Isfahan in 1445CE.
  • Shamsoddin Muhammad Tabrizi: Built the Mosque of Shah (Masjed-i Shah) in Mashad in 1451CE.
  • Ustad Shamsoddin Ibn Nasrollah Motahhari: Built the Imamzadeh Soltan Mohammad Taher in Babol in 1470CE.
  • Mohammad ibn Mahmud Bastami: Built the mosque of Masjed-i Sorkhan in Bastam in 1477CE.
  • Hosein ibn Ali ibn Ahmad Lahijani: Built the mausoleum of Samām in Gilan in 1478CE.
  • Darvish Nureddin: Built the mausoleum of Imamzadeh Ali in Shekarnab near Qazvin in 1479CE.
  • Muhammad Ravan-i Qazvini: He and Haj Abbas ibn Mahmud Qazvini both built the pol-i dokhtar bridge in Miyaneh in Qazvin province in 1483CE.
  • Yaqub Ruyani: Built both the Sim River bridge in Lahijan as well as the Polur River bridge northeast of Damavand in 1486 CE.

16th century

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Humayun's Tomb, in Delhi
  • Bayazid ibn Haji Javad: Built the Imamzadeh Yahya shrine in Larijan in 1513CE.
  • Ostad Hosein Khorasani: Re-built the tomb of Sheikh Abdol-Samad in Natanz in 1514CE.
  • Ustad Mir Ahmad ibn Mir Haji Qomi: Built the Masjed-e Jame'i Saveh mosque in Saveh in 1516CE.
  • Farabi ibn Uthman Sa'di: Built the Masjed-i Bozorg-i Ghal'eh-i Hasan Keifa mosque in 1520CE.
  • Ustad Hosein: Built the Mausoleum of Harun Velayat near Isfahan in 1521CE.
  • Ustad Shamseddin Isfahani: Built the Mausoleum of Imamzadeh Hamzeh in Bavanat in 1528CE.
  • Taqi Sultan Qomi: Built the famous Feyziyeh Qom seminary in Qom in 1532CE.
  • Sani'ullah Mimar-i Yazdi: Built the Congregation mosque of Yazd in 1539CE.
  • Ustad Shah Hosein Lahiji: Built the mausoleum of Agha Sheikh Abolvajih near Lahijan in 1540CE.
  • Heydar Ali Ardestani: Built the popular shrine of Imamzadeh Mahruq in Nishapur in 1545CE.
  • Sayyed Muhammad ibn Mirak Ghiyathuddin: Built the World Heritage Site of Humayun's Tomb in India in 1562CE.

17th century

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Naqsh-e Jahan Square, in Isfahan

18th century

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  • Muhammad Hadi Qazvini: Built the masjed-i muhaddathayn-i sheikh-i kabir mosque in Babol in 1723CE.
  • Ostad baqer Isfahani: Built the Minarat of Kashan's Congregation mosque, 1779CE.
  • Ustad Mirza Shirazi: Built the Al-Nabi Mosque, Qazvin in 1787CE.
  • Ustad Iskandar Shirazi: Built the Masjed Soltani mosque of Borujerd in 1794CE.
  • Karbalaee Muhammad-i banna: Built the Masjed-i Qajar mosque in astar-abad in Hamadan in 1796CE.
  • Ustad Haj Sha'ban-ali: Built the Masjed-i Agha bozorg in Kashan in the late 18th century.

19th century

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Abbasian House in Kashan
  • Muhammad Taqi khan Mimar-Bashi: Built the Darolfonoon in 1849CE.
  • Abdallah Khan: court architect to Mohammad Shah Qajar.
  • Haji Abol-hasan Mimar Navai: Built Golestan Palace to its current form in 1865CE.

20th century

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Tabriz City Hall, by Arfa'ul Mulk

Contemporary

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Iranian Senate building by Heydar Ghiaï-Chamlou

Outside Iran

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  • First Bahaʼi House of Worship (1908), Turkmenistan, designed by Ustad' Ali-Akbar Banna Yazdi
    First Bahaʼi House of Worship (1908), Turkmenistan, designed by Ustad' Ali-Akbar Banna Yazdi
  • Fariborz Sahba's Lotus Temple in India
    Fariborz Sahba's Lotus Temple in India

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Architecture: formes + fonctions. 2010-11-10. Retrieved 2017-06-17.
  2. ^ "Borbor Consulting Architects Presented with, Tehran Journal, Tehran, December 22, 1976, p. 2.
  3. ^ Karolina Udovički; Aca Arsenijević; Milan Bosnić; Milan Kopanja; Ivica Mladenović, Drugi beogradski trijenale svetske arhitekture : [50 istaknutih arhitekata sveta] = The Second Belgrade Triennial of World Architecture : [50 outstanding architects of the world] : Beogradski sajam, hala 2, 4-12 juni/June 1988, Savez arhitekata, Beogard, 1988.
  4. ^ "Kamran Diba". Archived from the original on 2005-07-24. Retrieved 2005-07-18.
  5. ^ "Coming Soon". www.netiran.com.
  6. ^ Akiner, Shirin (1991). Kegan, Paul (ed.). Cultural Change and Continuity in Central Asia. Routledge. p. 293.
  7. ^ "Bahaʼi House of Worship - Ashkabad, Central Asia". The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahaʼis of the United States. 2007. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
  8. ^ Rafati, V.; Sahba, F. (1989). "Bahaʼi temples". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  9. ^ CalEarth Institute

Further reading

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For a full comprehensive list of Iranian architects from antiquity up to the modern age, refer to:

  • Mimaran-i Iran by Zohreh Bozorg-nia. 2004. ISBN 964-7483-39-2
  • Persian Gardens and Garden Pavilions by Donald N. Wilber, Elisabeth B. MacDougall. ISBN 0-88402-082-7
  • The Timurid architecture of Iran and Turan by Lisa Golombek and Donald Wilber, Princeton University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-691-03587-3
  • Dictionnaire des Architectes, Paris, 1982
  • H. Stierlin, Iran des Batisseurs, "2500 ans d'Architecture", Geneva, 1971
  • J. I Cohen, M. Eleb & A. Martinelli, "The 20th century Architecture & Urbanism"
  • "Iran the Senate House by Heydar Ghiai", Max Gerard, Editions Draeger 1976. ISBN 2-85119-008-3
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