USS Stark incident

The USS Stark was part of the Middle East Task Force assigned to patrol off the Saudi Arabian coast near the Iran–Iraq War exclusion boundary.

The United States Central Command identified the attacking aircraft as an Iraqi Dassault Mirage F1 fighter.^[1] Later reports asserted that the attacking aircraft was a Falcon 50 business jet which had been modified with a radar and missile hardpoints to carry two AM-39 Exocet missiles for anti-shipping operations. The F1EQ-5 variant of the Mirage F1 operated by Iraq was capable of carrying only one Exocet. Iraq had used modified Falcon jets in civilian markings to conduct covert photographic reconnaissance in the Persian Gulf to avoid attracting suspicion.^[2][3][4][5]

Initially not alarmed, at 22:09 Stark Captain Glenn R. Brindel ordered a radioman to send the message: "Unknown aircraft, this is U.S. Navy warship on your 078 (degrees) for twelve miles. Request you identify yourself".^[6] The pilot did not respond to the message. The ship's captain ordered a second message sent, to which there was no reply. At 22:10 Brindel was informed the aircraft had targeted the ship, locking his Cyrano-IV fire-control radar onto the Stark. The aircraft then fired the first Exocet missile 22 mi (35 km) from the ship and the second from 15 mi (24 km); the pilot then banked left and began to withdraw.

Stark's search radar, ESM and CIWS systems failed to detect the incoming missiles.^[6][1] The first Exocet missile struck the port side of the ship near the bridge. Although it failed to detonate, rocket fuel ignited and caused a large fire that quickly spread throughout the ship's post office, storeroom and the combat operations center (where the ship's weapons are controlled).

The second Exocet also struck the port side, 30 seconds later.^[1] This missile detonated, leaving a 10 by 15 ft (3.0 by 4.6 m) hole in the frigate's left side. Electronics for Stark's Standard Missile defense went out and Brindel could not order his men to return fire. An AWACS plane was still in the area and just after witnessing the attack, radioed a nearby Saudi Arabian airbase to send aircraft for an interception but the ground controllers did not have the authority to order a sortie and the jet left unharmed. The US Navy's rules of engagement allowed Stark to defend herself after sufficiently warning the hostile aircraft.^[7]

A total of 37 crew were killed in the attack, 29 from the initial explosion and fire, including two lost at sea. Eight later died from their injuries. Twenty-one others survived their wounds.^[8]

Brindel ordered the starboard side flooded to keep the hole on the hull's port side above water. This helped prevent the Stark from sinking. Brindel quickly dispatched a distress call after the first missile hit. It was received by USS Waddell, which was in the area and USS Conyngham with two-thirds of its crew on liberty in Bahrain. Waddell and Conyngham arrived to provide damage control and relief to the Stark's crew. According to the Pentagon, an Iranian helicopter joined a Saudi Arabian vessel to aid in rescue operations.^[9]

Stark arrived at Bahrain the following day, 18 May 1987. There she was temporarily repaired by the destroyer tender USS Acadia before setting a course for Mayport Naval Station, Florida, the ship's home port. A court of inquiry under Rear Admiral Grant Sharp was formed to investigate the incident and later Captain Brindel was recommended for court-martial but was ultimately only reprimanded and relieved of duty.^[10] The flag officer in charge of the operation, Rear Admiral Harold Bernsen, was found blameless and continued in his post.^[11] It was found that Stark was 2 miles (3.2 km) outside the exclusion zone and had not violated neutrality as the Iraqis claimed.^[12] Iraq apologized,^[13] and Saddam Hussein said that the pilot mistook Stark for an Iranian tanker.

U.S. officials claimed that the Iraqi jet's pilot was not acting under orders from his government and that he was later executed, but an Iraqi Air Force officer later stated that the pilot was not punished and was still alive.^[12] According to Jean-Louis Bernard, author of Heroes of Bagdad T1 (Editions JPO 2017), the pilot, Abdul Rahman, would have received the medal of bravery at the end of a joint Iraqi-U.S. commission of inquiry. His subsequent defection to Iran is not mentioned in this book. Jean-Louis Bernard also confirms the use of a Falcon 50 during this action.^{[14][page needed]}

Iranian Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi called it a "divine blessing" and reiterated the standard Iranian view that the Persian Gulf "is not a safe place for the superpowers and it is in their interest not to enter this quicksand". A spokesman for the Iraqi Foreign Ministry said Iraq would never intentionally attack any target in the Gulf unless it was Iranian, and laid the blame on Iran.^[13]

Washington used the incident to pressure Iran, which it later blamed for the whole situation. US President Ronald Reagan said "We've never considered them [Iraq's military] hostile at all", and "the villain in the piece is Iran".^[15][16][17]

The Joint Chiefs of Staff investigation into the incident recommended that Iraq be held accountable, a finding the government of Iraq eventually complied with. Captain Brindel was relieved of duty and retired as a commander for not defending his ship, whilst tactical action officer Lieutenant Basil E. Moncrief resigned.^[18]

On 21 June 2011, an agreement was reached between the governments of the United States and Iraq regarding claims of United States citizens against the regime of Saddam Hussein. The Iraqi government established a fund of $400 million to compensate prisoners of war and hostages in the Persian Gulf War, and those killed or injured in the 1987 attack on Stark. The United States Department of State was to establish a mechanism to process applications for compensation.^[19][20]

On 22 May 1987, a eulogy was given by US President Ronald Reagan at Mayport Naval Station, Jacksonville, Florida.^[21]

A ceremony is held at Mayport Naval Station on 17 May each year to remember the 37 men who died in the incident.^[22]

• USS Vincennes incident
• USS Panay incident
• USS Liberty incident
• USS Pueblo incident
• Gulf of Tonkin incident
• Battle of Đồng Hới

•   This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
• Levinson, Jeffrey L.; Randy L. Edwards (1997). Missile Inbound. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-517-9.

• Formal Investigation into the Circumstances Surrounding the Attack on the USS Stark (FFG 31) on 17 May 1987 (U)
• "Terms of Reference – Joint Investigation Group" (PDF). Office of the Secretary of Defense & Joint Staff FOIA Requester Service: US Department of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
• Wise, Harold Lee (2007). Inside the Danger Zone: The U.S. Military in the Persian Gulf 1987–88. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-970-5.