Wikipedia

Summer Lee

Summer Lynn Lee (born November 26, 1987)[1] is an American politician who is the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district since 2023. Lee was the Democratic nominee in the 2022 election to represent Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. She won the primary by less than 1% of the vote and became the first black woman from Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives after winning the general election.[2][3][4][5]

Summer Lee
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 12th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2023
Preceded byMike Doyle (redistricting)
Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 34th district
In office
January 1, 2019 – December 7, 2022
Preceded byPaul Costa
Succeeded byAbigail Salisbury
Personal details
Born (1987-11-26) November 26, 1987 (age 37)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Other political
affiliations		Democratic Socialists of America (until 2021)
EducationPennsylvania State University (BA)
Howard University (JD)
Signature
WebsiteHouse website
Summer Lee's voice
Summer Lee speaks on the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting following the gunman's conviction in federal courts
Recorded June 21, 2023

A member of the Democratic Party, Lee was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 34th district from 2019 to 2022.[6] With the support of the local chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA),[7] Lee was also the first black woman to represent Southwestern Pennsylvania in the state legislature.[6]

Early life and education

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Of African American heritage, Lee was raised in North Braddock, Pennsylvania, and attended Woodland Hills High School. She graduated with a B.A. in Journalism, Minors: International studies, French from Pennsylvania State University in 2009 and earned a Juris Doctor from the Howard University School of Law in 2015.[1][8][9] She campaigned for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primaries after graduating.[10]

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

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See also: 2018 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election

Lee challenged incumbent Representative Paul Costa in the Democratic primary for the 34th district in 2018. An organizer from Pittsburgh's DSA chapter approached her about running after she led a successful write-in campaign for a school board candidate.[10] She defeated Costa, 67.8% to 32.2%, attributing her victory to grassroots campaigning.[11] She was unopposed in the general election.

Committee assignments

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U.S. House of Representatives

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Elections

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2022

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See also: 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania § District 12
 
Lee announcing her congressional campaign

In October 2021, Lee announced her candidacy for Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district after the incumbent representative, Mike Doyle, announced his retirement.[13] After Pennsylvania's new congressional districts were chosen in February 2022, most of the old 18th district, including Pittsburgh as well as parts of the Mon Valley and Westmoreland County, became the 12th district, and Lee announced she would run there.[14]

Lee won the Democratic primary election on May 17, 2022, defeating rival Steve Irwin. Though Irwin had an early lead on election night with early and mail-in ballots, Lee emerged with a victory of around 740 votes once in-person Election Day votes were counted. She won the Allegheny County portion of the district by almost 4,500 votes. Most networks had declared Lee the winner by May 20, and Irwin conceded that day.[15]

In the November 8 general election, Lee defeated Republican Mike Doyle (no relation to the Democratic incumbent).[16]

Lee simultaneously ran for reelection to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives; she was reelected to a third term with little opposition, but was required to resign the seat to assume her new role in the U.S. House, which she did on December 7, 2022.[17][18] With elections in the 32nd district, where incumbent Tony DeLuca died in October 2022 but was reelected posthumously to a 21st term,[19] and the 35th district, where incumbent Austin Davis was simultaneously reelected to a third full term and elected lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania, an unusual situation arose in which the Democratic Party gained control of the chamber, having won 102 seats to the Republican Party's 101 in the 2022 elections, but would begin the new legislative term with just 99 members, due to these three vacancies in solidly Democratic districts in Allegheny County.[20]

2024

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See also: 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania § District 12

In 2024, Lee faced a primary challenge from Edgewood Councilwoman Bhavini Patel, who ran towards the political center compared to Lee.[21] Amid concerns that her criticism of Israel could cost her renomination in a district with a significant Jewish population, Lee cultivated endorsements from prominent Democrats including House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries and Senator Bob Casey Jr.[22] The race between Lee and Patel, who is pro-Israel, was seen as a bellwether for other primary races where pro-Israel candidates are challenging progressive, Israel-critical incumbents.[23] Ultimately Lee defeated Patel,[24] but unlike Lee fellow progressive Israel critics Jamaal Bowman and Cori Bush were defeated for renomination by pro-Israel candidates who, unlike Patel, received backing from the pro-Israel AIPAC.[25][26][27]

Tenure

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Abortion

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Lee supports abortion rights.[28] Lee joined forty other House Democrats in a letter calling on the Biden Administration to use all means possible to preserve FDA approval for Mifepristone and protect access to these treatments nationwide, in response to a ruling by Northern District of Texas Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk.[29][30]

Affirmative action

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In response to the Supreme Court's decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, which held that race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions processes violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Lee stated that she was "disgusted that our country just enshrined racial inequity in higher education and economic immobility into law.[31]

Economy

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Lee was among the 46 Democrats who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.[32] She was the only no-vote among western Pennsylvania house members.[33] She had previously decried Republicans' willingness to take the country "to the brink of economic catastrophe" to win budget concessions.[34]

Gun control

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On March 29, 2023, two Pittsburgh Catholic schools received what investigators deemed were hoax active shooter threats that prompted evacuations, lockdowns and large responses from police.[35] This came two days after a highly publicized school shooting in Nashville.[36] In response, Lee said that having to endure active shootings and related evacuations, drills and hoaxes is "no way for our kids to live," and blamed the proliferation of guns in America for causing the widespread panic of the fake active shooting reports.[37]

On April 7, 2023, Lee harshly criticized the Tennessee House's expulsion of Democratic representatives Justin Pearson and Justin Jones.[38] The lawmakers were expelled after joining a protest against mass shootings on the Tennessee house floor.[39] Her criticism was also aimed at Republican's overall treatment of gun control, saying "people are dying because Republicans want to put politics over the lives of the people they represent. They ask for safety for themselves, but not for school children, and they'll sacrifice the lives of our loved ones for their lobbyists."[40]

Infrastructure

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After a Norfolk Southern train derailed in Pittsburgh on April 8, 2023, Lee called for more accountability from railroads, and protection from so-called "bomb trains" that carry hazardous materials through populated areas.[41] This was two months after a train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, which also involved a Norfolk Southern train.[42] In response to these events, Lee publicly supported multiple bills in Congress that look to enforce strict regulations on the rail industry.[43] She is an original co-sponsor of the DERAIL Act, which would put stricter federal rail safety regulations in place that were rolled back during the Trump administration.[44][45]

Iran

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Lee and other progressive Democrats voted against a resolution condemning Iran's aerial attack on Israel in April.[46] She also voted against an embargo on sending American technology to Iran and a resolution requesting the European Union designate Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization.[47]

Israel and Palestine

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On April 4, 2023, Lee joined Senator Bernie Sanders, and at least nine House Democrats, in signing a letter to President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken expressing concern over rising violence between Israelis and Palestinians and the new Israeli government's attempt to weaken the country's independent judiciary.[48]

On April 25, 2023, Lee was one of 19 Representatives (18 Democrats and 1 Republican) to vote against House Resolution 311, a resolution honoring America's relationship with Israel on the 75th anniversary of its independence.[49]

On May 5, 2023, Lee was one of 17 cosponsors of the "Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children and Families Living Under Israeli Military Occupation Act," which "prohibits U.S. taxpayer funding to the Government of Israel from being used for the military detention, abuse, or ill-treatment of Palestinian children in Israeli military detention."[50][51][52]

On June 13, 2023, Lee was one of 13 representatives (eleven Democrats and two Republicans) who voted against a bill mandating the Biden administration appoint a special envoy for the Abraham Accords.[53]

On July 18, 2023, she voted against, along with eight other Progressive Democrats (Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Cori Bush, Jamaal Bowman, André Carson, Ilhan Omar, Ayanna Pressley, Delia Ramirez, and Rashida Tlaib), a non-binding resolution proposed by August Pfluger which states that "the State of Israel is not a racist or apartheid state", that Congress rejects "all forms of antisemitism and xenophobia" and that "the United States will always be a staunch partner and supporter of Israel."[54] In a tweet, Congresswoman Lee wrote, "I reject antisemitism and xenophobia in all its forms. Whether we're talking about India, Israel, or Sri Lanka, we are not true allies if we cannot push our partners to uphold basic human rights & democratic values."[55]

On October 25, 2023, Lee and eight other progressive Democrats (Ocasio-Cortez, Bowman, Bush, Carson, Omar, Ramirez, Tlaib, and Al Green), along with Republican Thomas Massie, voted against a resolution supporting Israel in the wake of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. The resolution stated that the House of Representatives: "stands with Israel as it defends itself against the barbaric war launched by Hamas and other terrorists" and "reaffirms the United States' commitment to Israel's security"; the resolution passed by an overwhelming 412-10-6 margin.[56][57] Lee has instead voiced support for a ceasefire in the wake of Israel's military campaign against Hamas,[21] co-sponsoring an opposing resolution demanding a ceasefire in the conflict.[58] She has condemned Hamas's attack. She has also accused Israel of war crimes.[23] Lee voted against a foreign aid package for Israel.[59]

Russia

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Lee, along with nearly fifty other members of Congress, were barred from entering Russia on May 19, 2023.[60][61]

Syria

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In 2023, Lee was among 56 Democrats to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21, which directed President Joe Biden to remove U.S. troops from Syria within 180 days.[62][63]

TikTok

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In light of a potential ban on TikTok in the United States, Lee has supported the platform, calling it "an incredible organizing tactic."[64][65] She voted against a bill that would force TikTok's parent company to sell the app or face a ban.[66]

Caucus memberships

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Committee assignments

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Electoral history

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2018

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2018 Democratic primary for Pennsylvania State Representative District 34[69]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee 6,914 67.77
Democratic Paul Costa (incumbent) 3,288 32.23
Total votes 10,202 100
2018 General election Pennsylvania State Representative District 34[70]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee Unopposed
Total votes 21,240 100.0%
Democratic hold

2020

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2020 Democratic primary for Pennsylvania State Representative District 34[71]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee 11,863 76.36
Democratic Christopher Roland 3,672 23.64
Total votes 15,535 100
2020 General election Pennsylvania State Representative District 34[72]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee Unopposed
Total votes 27,129 100.0%
Democratic hold

2022

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2022 Democratic primary for U.S. Representative[73]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee 48,002 41.9
Democratic Steve Irwin 47,014 41.0
Democratic Jerry Dickinson 12,440 10.9
Democratic Jeff Woodard 5,454 4.8
Democratic William Parker 1,670 1.5
Total votes 114,580 100
2022 Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee 184,674 56.2
Republican Mike Doyle[a] 143,946 43.8
Total votes 328,620 100
Democratic hold

2024

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2024 Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District Democratic Primary[74]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Summer Lee 64,594 60.65
Democratic Bhavini Patel 41,902 39.35
Total votes 106,496 100

Personal life

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Lee lives in Swissvale, Pennsylvania.[10]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ No relationship to the Democratic incumbent

References

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  1. ^ a b "Representative Summer Lee". Pennsylvania General Assembly. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  2. ^ Daniels, Cheyanne M. (November 9, 2022). "Summer Lee becomes first Black woman elected to Congress from Pennsylvania". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  3. ^ Koscinski, Kiley (November 9, 2022). "Summer Lee wins 12th Congressional District, will become Pa.'s first Black congresswoman". Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  4. ^ Greve, Joan E. (April 22, 2024). "A progressive congresswoman made history in 2022. Can a billionaire stop her re-election?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  5. ^ "Congresswoman Summer Lee is Sworn In, Makes History for Pennsylvania". Summer Lee. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  6. ^ a b Deto, Ryan (May 23, 2018). "Sara Innamorato and Summer Lee say their victories can open doors for non-traditional and minority candidates in Pittsburgh". Pittsburgh City Paper. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  7. ^ "Pennsylvania Primary Election Results: State Legislature". WTAE-TV. May 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  8. ^ Taylor Jr., Rob. "Summer Lee strives to brighten her community, as she runs for state House seat". New Pittsburgh Courier. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  9. ^ Griswold, Eliza (May 12, 2018). "The Hard-Left Candidate Taking On the Democratic Establishment in Southwestern Pennsylvania". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Lancianese, Adelina; Davis, Kathleen (May 15, 2018). "Progressive Summer Lee Defeats Incumbent Paul Costa In 34th State House District". WESA. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  11. ^ Collier, Sean (October 17, 2018). "Q & A: Summer Lee – Why She Won and What's Next". Pittsburgh Magazine. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c "Representative Summer Lee". The official website for the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  13. ^ Krieg, Gregory (October 19, 2021). "Progressive champion Summer Lee enters Pennsylvania primary to replace retiring Rep. Mike Doyle". CNN. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  14. ^ Koscinski, Kiley (February 23, 2022). "In new Pennsylvania congressional map, some U.S. House candidates find themselves in new districts". Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  15. ^ Solender, Andrew (May 20, 2022). "Summer Lee wins PA House primary in triumph for the Squad". Axios. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  16. ^ Guza, Megan (November 13, 2022). "How Summer Lee's historic win in Pa.'s 12th congressional district reverberates beyond politics". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on November 19, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  17. ^ Wiggan, Jamie (December 1, 2022). "Four Democratic hopefuls look to succeed Summer Lee in Pa. House". Pittsburgh City Paper. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  18. ^ Wereschagin, Mike (December 7, 2022). "Power struggle in Harrisburg intensifies as Reps. Austin Davis and Summer Lee resign". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  19. ^ Potter, Chris (December 6, 2022). "8 Democrats vie for DeLuca's 32nd House district seat, party will use ranked-choice voting". WESA. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  20. ^ Caruso, Stephen (November 24, 2022). "Pennsylvania House Democrats will lose their majority for at least a few weeks. Here's why". Spotlight PA. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  21. ^ a b Deto, Ryan (April 14, 2024). "Summer Lee, Bhavini Patel face off in contentious Democratic primary for Congress". TribLIVE. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  22. ^ Fernandez, Madison (April 23, 2024). "The Pennsylvania House race testing the fallout from the Israel-Hamas war". Politico. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  23. ^ a b Levy, Marc (April 14, 2024). "A Pittsburgh congressional race could test Democrats who have criticized Israel's handling of war". AP News. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  24. ^ Fernandez, Madison (April 23, 2024). "Summer Lee of the 'Squad' beats back primary challenge". Politico. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  25. ^ Fernandez, Madison (April 23, 2024). "Summer Lee of the 'Squad' beats back primary challenge". Politico. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  26. ^ Axelrod, Tal (August 8, 2024). "Progressives reckon with massive campaign spending deficit after Cori Bush defeat". ABC News. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  27. ^ Wu, Nicholas (August 1, 2024). "Knocking down the Squad: Dem prosecutor could oust second prominent House liberal". Politico. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  28. ^ "We're about to lose our right to abortion care b/c of right-wing extremists appointed to lifetime seats. I've sat through hrs of @GOP hearings in the leg about the horrifying bans they want to pass when Roe falls. Congress must end the filibuster & protect our abortion rights". www.twitter.com. May 2, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  29. ^ "Congresswoman Summer Lee Statement on TX Court Ruling on Medicated Abortion". www.summerlee.house.gov. April 10, 2023.
  30. ^ "Abortion is health care and health care is a human right. This morning, I joined @RepJasmine and 40 @HouseDemocrats in calling on the Biden Administration to use all means possible to preserve @US_FDA approval for #Mifepristone & protect access to these treatments nationwide". Twitter. April 8, 2023.
  31. ^ Daniels, Cheyanne M. (June 29, 2023). "Black leaders blast Supreme Court for overturning affirmative action". The Hill. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  32. ^ Gans, Jared (May 31, 2023). "Republicans and Democrats who bucked party leaders by voting no". The Hill. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  33. ^ "Debt ceiling bill passes with Summer Lee only Western Pa. vote against in the House | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". June 3, 2023. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  34. ^ "Pa. Congresswoman Summer Lee condemns debt ceiling brinkmanship". www.wesa.fm. May 30, 2023.
  35. ^ "Active shooter calls send panic across Western Pa. before deemed a hoax by investigators". www.triblive.com. March 29, 2023.
  36. ^ "Fact check: Report of active shooter at Pennsylvania high school is a hoax". USA Today. March 30, 2023.
  37. ^ "Congresswoman Summer Lee speaks out on House floor about hoax shooting reports". www.triblive.com. March 30, 2023.
  38. ^ "Congresswoman Summer Lee Slams TN Republicans' Expulsion of Black lawmakers for Standing In Solidarity With Gun Reform Supporters". www.summerlee.house.gov. April 7, 2023.
  39. ^ "GOP lawmakers in Tennessee expel two Democrats over mass shooting protest". CBS News. April 7, 2023.
  40. ^ "'Fascism, Full Stop': Progressives in Congress Condemn Expulsion of Tennessee Democrats". www.summerlee.house.gov. April 7, 2023.
  41. ^ "After latest Norfolk Southern derailment, W. Pa lawmakers call for rail accountability". www.penncapital-star.com. April 11, 2023.
  42. ^ "Norfolk Southern train derails in Pittsburgh 2 months after East Palestine derailment". www.abc7chicago.com. April 8, 2023.
  43. ^ "Public call to support Congressional legislation for railroad regulation laws". www.wtae.com. April 12, 2023.
  44. ^ "Congresswoman Summer Lee pushing for federal rail safety regulations after train derailments". www.wpxi.com. April 11, 2023.
  45. ^ "Tony Norman: U.S. Rep. Summer Lee worries about future train derailments". www.nextpittsburgh.com. April 18, 2023.
  46. ^ Tabachnick, Toby (April 18, 2024). "Summer Lee one of only 14 House members to vote against a resolution condemning Iranian attack". Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  47. ^ Bohnel, Steve (April 19, 2024). "Where do Summer Lee and Bhavini Patel stand on policy?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  48. ^ "Rep. Summer Lee signs onto a letter urging Biden administration to re-evaluate policy toward Israel". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 4, 2023.
  49. ^ "U.S. Rep. Summer Lee votes against resolution honoring U.S.-Israel relationship". Trib Live. May 2, 2023.
  50. ^ "Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children and Families Living Under Israeli Military Occupation Act". Office of Congresswoman Betty McCollum. April 15, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  51. ^ "Summer Lee cosponsors bill that would restrict aid to Israel". Jewish Chronicle. May 8, 2023.
  52. ^ "McCollum Reintroduces the Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children and Families Living Under Israeli Military Occupation Act" (Press release). House of Representatives. May 5, 2023.
  53. ^ "House passes bill to create special envoy for Abraham Accords; Summer Lee votes no". Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle. June 15, 2023.
  54. ^ Wong, Scott; Kaplan, Rebecca; Stewart, Kyle (July 18, 2023). "House overwhelmingly passes resolution backing Israel after Rep. Jayapal calls it a 'racist state'". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  55. ^ "Summer Lee opposed another pro-Israel resolution: 'I cannot vote for unconditional support'". Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
  56. ^ Metzger, Bryan. "These 16 lawmakers did not vote for a House resolution supporting Israel after the Hamas attacks". Business Insider.
  57. ^ [1]
  58. ^ Salant, Jonathan D.; Kail, Benjamin (October 27, 2023). "Summer Lee voted against a widely supported resolution condemning Hamas". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  59. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (April 20, 2024). "Western Pa. lawmakers back national security legislation that passes U.S. House". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  60. ^ "Statement of the Russian Foreign Ministry in connection with the introduction of personal sanctions against US citizens". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. May 19, 2023.
  61. ^ "Lol was I just barred from Russia... on my off day completely minding my business?". Twitter. May 19, 2023.
  62. ^ "H.Con.Res. 21: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of … – House Vote #136 – Mar 8, 2023".
  63. ^ "House Votes Down Bill Directing Removal of Troops From Syria". US News & World Report. Associated Press. March 8, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  64. ^ Damp, Patrick (March 29, 2023). "Rep. Summer Lee puts support behind TikTok as calls to ban the app intensify". CBS News Pittsburgh. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  65. ^ Schnell, Mychael (March 28, 2023). "Pennsylvania progressive defends TikTok as 'incredible organizing tactic'". The Hill. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  66. ^ Rodgers, Bethany (March 13, 2024). "Here's how Pa.'s congressional reps voted on a possible TikTok ban". GoErie. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  67. ^ St Louis American staff (March 29, 2023). "Rep. Cori Bush leading new push for ERA passage". St. Louis American.
  68. ^ "Updates Under Way". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  69. ^ "Allegheny Primary Results 2018". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  70. ^ "Allegheny General Results 2018". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  71. ^ "Allegheny Primary Results 2020". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  72. ^ "Allegheny General Results 2020". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  73. ^ "House District 12: Pennsylvania Primary Results (D)". CNN. June 8, 2022. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  74. ^ "Pennsylvania Elections". Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
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Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 34th district
2019–2022 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district
2023–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
393rd 		Succeeded by
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