List of wars involving England

Brycheiniog

• Status quo ante bellum

• Northumbria becomes absorbed by the Kingdom of England

Edmund II  
Eadnoth the Younger †
Ulfcytel Snillingr †

• King Edmund, cedes all of England, save Wessex, to Cnut.^[1]
• Following Edmund's death on 30 November, Cnut ascends to the throne as the sole king of England.
• Personal union formed between Denmark and England under Danish hegemony.

Canute the Great

Anund Jacob Olaf II of Norway

• The Swedish and Norwegian attack to conquer Denmark while Canute is busy in England fails and Canute retains power
• Norway becomes a part of the North Sea empire and parts or the whole of Sweden are conquered by troops from England and Denmark including the capital, Gamla Uppsala
• Olaf II of Norway is forced into exile in Kievan Rus.
• Most of the Swedish forces, however, remain intact. The later invasion of Sweden seems to have ended badly, and in Anglo-Saxon sources the battle is described as a Swedish victory, and also that there was a great loss of English lives, and that the Swedes were in possession of the Battlefield.
• Sweden would continue to support Norwegian rebels loyal to Olaf II under the whole of Canute's reign. Most forces in the Battle of Stiklestad consisted of Swedes and the eventual Swedish support for Norwegian rebels would lead to the disintegration of the North Sea Empire and the Personal Union between Denmark and Norway. ^[2]

  England

Harold Godwinson
Morcar, Earl of Northumbria
Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Harald Hardrada † Tostig Godwinson † Eystein Orre †

• English Victory
• The Norse army is defeated

Harold Godwinson †
Gyrth Godwinson †
Leofwine Godwinson †

William of Normandy
Alan the Red
William FitzOsbern
Eustace II, Count of Boulogne

• Norman Victory
• England becomes absorbed by the Duchy of Normandy

• Forced Norman Retreat

• Ralph de Gael
• Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford
• Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumberland

• Waltheof was beheaded in 1076
• Roger lost his lands and earldom, was imprisoned, and was beheaded in 1087.
• Ralph lost his lands and earldom, and was expelled from England

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

  Abbasids

• Recapture of Nicaea
• Formation of the Crusader States

Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade)

Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade)

• Crusader Victory in Iberian and Wendish Crusades
• Muslim Victory in the Holy Land Crusade

  Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Sicily

• Treaty of Ramla

• England loses Normandy, Maine and Anjou to France

•   Kingdom of France
  •   Duchy of Burgundy
  •   Duchy of Brittany
  •   County of Nevers
  •   County of Auxerre
  •   County of Saint-Pol
  •   Viscounty of Donges
  •   Viscounty of Torèna
•   Papal States
  • Episcopal Inquisition
  •   Dominican Order
  •   Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ
  •   Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit
  •   Knights of Saint George
•   Duchy of Austria
  •   Duchy of Berg
  •   Electorate of Cologne

  County of Aurenja

•   County of Provence-Forcalquier

•   Cathars
•   County of Toulouse
  •   Viscounty of Béziers and Albi
  •   County of Valentinois
  •   Lordship of Séverac
•   Marquisate of Provence
•   Viscounty of Béarn
•   County of Astarac
•   Crown of Aragon
  •   County of Foix
  •   County of Comminges
  •   Viscounty of Carcassonne
  •   Lordship of Menèrba
  •   Lordship of Tèrmes
  • Lordship of Cabaret
  • Lordship of Montsegúr
• Exiled knights

• Collapse of the Angevin Empire

• English Withdrawal

Kingdom of Jerusalem

  Armenian Cilicia

• Status quo ante bellum

Treaty of Paris Aquitaine becomes a Fief of France as well as England

Magh Luirg

• Scottish independence from England maintained
• English victory in Ireland
• Reinstatement of Anglo-Scottish border from reign of Alexander III of Scotland

  France

  Holy Roman Empire

  Brittany (Blois)

• Edwardian War - English Victory
• Caroline War - French Victory
• Lancastrian War - French Victory

  Forces of Peter of Castile
  Kingdom of Navarre
  Kingdom of Majorca
  Kingdom of Granada
  Duchy of Aquitaine Other Elite European mercenaries

• Victory for Henry of Trastámara and his allies.

  Portugal

  Portugal

  Papal States
  Republic of Venice
  Kingdom of Naples
  Kingdoms of Spain
  Duchy of Milan
  Holy Roman Empire
  Republic of Florence
  Duchy of Mantua
  England (from 1496)

•   Swiss mercenaries

• Forced French retreat

  Swiss mercenaries

  Scotland

  Holy Roman Empire

  Venice

  Republic of Genoa

  Brandenburg

  Jülich-Cleves-Berg

  France

• Anglo-French War (1557-1559)

  Duchy of Savoy

  Ottoman Empire

Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise

• Uneasy truce
• The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas
• Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic
• Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories

German Protestants

  Spain

• Peace of Münster, Netherlands becomes independent

• Second Desmond Rebellion

• Famine throughout Munster
• Plantation of Munster

  United Provinces

• Decisive Spanish victory
• Philip of Spain crowned King of Portugal^[3]

  French Huguenot forces

•   Portugal under Philip of Spain

  Order of Saint John

• Status quo ante bellum
• Treaty of London

Scottish Gaelic mercenaries

• Treaty of Mellifont (1603)
• Flight of the Earls (1607)

Treaty of Hague

• Formation of the Dutch Empire
• Portuguese Restoration War
• Dutch victory in the East
• Portuguese victory in South America and Africa

Support:

•   United Provinces

• Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France
• Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade
• England bankruptcy practically ends English support to Dutch Republic in Eighty Years' War

• Treaty of Suza
• Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)

• Treaty of Lisbon
• Charles II of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions

Treaty of Westminster

• Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670).
• Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England

• Cape Coast conquered

• Uti possidetis
• Treaty of Breda

Status quo ante bellum:

• Treaty of Westminster (1674)

  France
  Münster (1672–1674)
  Cologne (1672–1674)
  Swedish Empire (from 1674)

  Dutch Republic
  Holy Roman Empire (from 1673)
  Spain (from 1673)
  Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673)
  Lorraine (from 1673)
  Denmark–Norway (from 1674)

• Treaty of Westminster (1674)
• Treaty of Nijmegen (1678-79)
• Franche-Comté and Spanish Netherlands cities ceded to France

• Victory for the Mughal Empire
• The British East India Company fined

English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action, along with massacre in the aftermath: the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all official European trade in Siam for 150 years except for the Dutch.

• Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.

  Great Britain (from 1707)

  Swedish Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  United Provinces
  Brunswick-Lüneburg

• Kalmyk Khanate

  Cossack Hetmanate
  Denmark–Norway
  Electorate of Saxony
  Poland–Lithuania
  Prussia
  Hanover

• Britain did not gain or lose anything from the war and exited the war a year before it had ended due to financial trouble

Russian Allied victory:

• Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe.
• Decline of Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

• Treaty of Utrecht:
• Philip V recognised as King of Spain by the Grand Alliance
• Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy; and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.
• France recognises British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Britain.
• Indecisive or failure for Britain's various allies

Kingdom of Denmark
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Scandinavians

An uprising which started 4 years after the Norman Conquest. Edgar Ætheling, the grandson of Edmund Ironside and the last notable heir to the House of Wessex, fought with the support of the King of Denmark Sweyn II, Anglo-Saxons, and Anglo-Scandinavians.

It ended in defeat for the Anglo-Saxons & Anglo-Scandinavians. William the Conqueror paid Sweyn and his Danish fleet to go home, but the remaining rebels refused to meet him in battle, and he decided to starve them out by laying waste to the northern shires using scorched earth tactics. The Norman campaign to reconquer Northern England resulted in a genocide against the people living there.

An anti-Norman insurrection centred on the Isle of Ely. The Danish king Sweyn Estrithson sent a small army to try to establish a camp on the Isle of Ely. The Isle became a refuge for Anglo-Saxon forces under Earl Morcar, Bishop Aethelwine of Durham and Hereward the Wake in 1071.^[4] The area was taken by William the Conqueror only after a prolonged struggle.^[5]

• Treaty of Wallingford
• Henry would do homage to Stephen, in return Stephen promised Henry would become King of England upon his death

Treaty of Falaise

• Scotland cedes the castles of Roxburgh, Berwick, Jedburgh, Edinburgh, and Stirling over to English soldiers
• William is forced to recognize Henry's overlordship

  Pro-Angevin forces

  Kingdom of Scotland

• Treaty of Lambeth
• Restoration of Magna Carta

• Capture and imprisonment of King Henry III by baronial forces
• Establishment of de facto Protectorate ruled by Simon de Montfort's Parliament until 1265
• Restoration of Royal Authority in 1266
• Peace treaty agreed with Dictum of Kenilworth in 1267
• Statute of Marlborough issued in 1267; legal confirmation of the Magna Carta and Parliament

• Marcher Lords

Supported by:   Kingdom of Scotland

• Return of the Despensers
• Execution of rebels
• Revocation of the Ordinances of 1311
• Strengthening of the monarchy until 1326

Edward II (POW)
Hugh Despenser the Younger  
Hugh Despenser the Elder  
Earl of Arundel  

Supported by:
County of Hainaut^[6]

Isabella of France
Roger Mortimer
Earl of Leicester
Earl of Norfolk
Earl of Kent

Continuation of the Despenser War. Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimers invasion led to:

• Executions of Hugh Despenser the Younger and Hugh Despenser the Elder
• Abdication of Isabella's husband, King Edward II for their son Edward III
• Edward II died, most likely assassinated by orders of Isabella and Mortimer.

• Most rebel leaders executed
• no further attempts by Parliament to impose a poll tax or to reform England's fiscal system.

Supported by:
  Burgundian State
  Lordship of Ireland
  Duchy of Brittany^[a]

Supported by:
  Kingdom of France
  Kingdom of Scotland
  Principality of Wales
  Duchy of Brittany^[b]

  Yorkist rebels

• End of the Plantagenet dynasty
• House of York reigns for 24 years
• Extinction of the House of Lancaster
• House of Tudor inherits Lancastrian claim to the throne and defeats the Yorkist dynasty
• Establishment of the Tudor dynasty
• End of the middle ages in England
• Strengthening of the English monarchy under the Tudors
• Dawn of the English Renaissance^[7][8][9]

  Henry VII
  Giles, Lord Daubeny

  James, Baron Audley   
  Thomas Flamank   
Michael An Gof   

  Edward VI
  Edward Seymour
  John Russell
  Anthony Kingston
  William Francis

  Sir Humphrey Arundell   
John Winslade   
John Bury   
Robert Welch, Vicar of St Thomas, Exeter   

• rebellion suppressed
• execution of rebel commanders

  Confederates

  Scottish Covenanters

Bishops' Wars (1639)

•   Covenanters defeat   Scottish Royalists and   England

Second Bishops' War (1640)

•   Covenanters defeat   Scottish Royalists and   England

Irish Rebellion of 1641

• Founding of the   Irish Catholic Confederation and beginning of the Irish Confederate Wars

First English Civil War (1642–46)

•   Parliamentarian &   Scottish Covenanters victory over the   Royalists

Irish Confederate Wars (1642–48)

•   Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland
• Defeat of   Royalists and crushing of   Irish Catholic Confederation

Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)

•   Covenanters defeat   Royalists and   Irish Confederation

Second English Civil War (1648)

•   English Parliamentarian victory over the   Royalists and   Scottish Covenanters forces.
• Execution of King Charles I
• Exile of Charles II
• Establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
• Kirk Party takes power in Scotland

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)

•   English Parliamentarian & Protestant colonists victory over   Irish Catholic Confederation and   English Royalists
• English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland
• End of the Irish Catholic Confederation
• Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652

Third English Civil War (1650–1652)

•   Commonwealth of England victory over   Scotland
• Scotland absorbed into the Commonwealth of England

• James II replaced as king by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III

  Great Britain (from 1707)

in England, Scotland and Ireland

• Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91) - The Battle of the Boyne saw the last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
• Jacobite rising of 1689 (1689-92)
• Jacobite rising of 1715 (1715–16)
• Jacobite rising of 1719 (1719)
• Jacobite rising of 1745 (1741–1746) - Jacobite restoration attempt defeated