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List of stripped Olympic medals

The following is a list of stripped Olympic medals. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the governing body of the Olympic Games, and as such, can rule athletes to have violated regulations of the Games, for which athletes' Olympic medals can be stripped (i.e., rescinded). Additionally, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has arbitral jurisdiction over all matters related to the Olympic Games and thus also has the power to strip or return medals. Stripped medals must be returned to the IOC by the offending athlete or team, and may only be reinstated by the IOC or CAS.

The vast majority of stripped medals are for doping infractions. Doping infractions are often discovered well after the fact, and can result in the stripping of medals many years after their award. On rare occasions, medals are stripped for other reasons.

Record

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From November 1905 to November 2024, a total of 162 medals have been stripped, with nine medals declared vacant (rather than being reallocated) after being rescinded. The vast majority of these have occurred since 2000 due to improved drug testing methods, with only 20 stripped medals coming from pre-2000 editions of the Olympic Games.

In the case of team events, the rule was revised in March 2003 so that the IOC can strip medals from a team based on infractions by a single team member.[1] In the table below, for stripped team medals, the athlete(s) in violation are shown in parentheses. The international governing body of each Olympic sport can also strip athletes of medals for infractions of the rules of the sport, though decisions ultimately must be ratified by the IOC.

The majority of medals have been stripped in athletics (54, including 21 gold medals) and weightlifting (52, including 15 gold medals). The country with the most stripped medals is Russia (and Russian associated teams), with 54,[2] more than four times the number of the next highest, and 32% of the total.[3] The Post-Soviet states account for 61% of the overall total.

Though no athletes were caught doping at the 1980 Summer Olympics, it has been claimed that athletes had begun using testosterone and other drugs for which tests had not yet been developed. A 1989 report by a committee of the Australian Senate claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner...who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games".[4]

A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring its ratio to epitestosterone in urine. Twenty percent of the specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists, would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols.[5] The first documented case of "blood doping" occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two pints of blood before winning medals in the 5000 m and 10,000 m.[6]

Among particular Olympic Games, the 2008 Summer Olympics has the most stripped medals, at 50. Among Winter Olympics, the 2002 Winter Olympics has the most medals stripped with 13, three quarters of the Winter Olympics total.

All but twelve of the stripped medals involve infractions stemming from doping and drug testing:

  • Jack Egan won two medals in boxing at the 1904 Summer Olympics, a silver medal in the lightweight category losing to Harry Spanjer in the final and a tied bronze medal in the welterweight category against fellow American boxer, Joseph Lydon. By the rules of the AAU it was illegal to fight under an assumed name. (Egan's actual name was Frank Joseph Floyd.) In November 1905 the AAU disqualified Egan from all AAU competitions and he had to return all his prizes including his two Olympics medals.[7][8]
  • Jim Thorpe was stripped of his two gold medals by the IOC in 1913, after the IOC learned that Thorpe had taken expense money for playing baseball before the 1912 Games, violating Olympic amateurism rules that had been in place at the time. In 1982, 29 years after his death, the IOC was convinced that the disqualification had been improper, as no protest against Thorpe's eligibility had been brought within the required 30 days, and reinstated Thorpe's medals, with replicas presented to his children.[9]
  • The Swedish dressage team, which had originally won gold at the 1948 Games, was subsequently disqualified on April 27, 1949 by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and with the approval of the IOC. Gehnäll Persson had been promoted to lieutenant three weeks before the competition. Just two and a half weeks after the competition, the Swedish army demoted him back to sergeant. According to the regulations at the time, only officers and “gentlemen riders” were eligible to take part, but not non-commissioned officers. Since Persson had only been promoted for the period surrounding the games, this was considered a violation of the rules. The incident led to the FEI modernizing its entry conditions, which were perceived as outdated.[10]
  • Marika Kilius and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler were stripped of their 1964 silver medal in figure skating for similar reasons to Thorpe, but had them reinstated in 1987.[11]
  • Ingemar Johansson was disqualified from the gold medal fight in the 1952 heavyweight boxing competition after the referee deemed that he was "failing to show fight" to win the three-round match, and was subsequently deemed to have forfeited the minimum silver medal he would have won. Johansson said that he did not throw any punches at his opponent in the first two rounds to tire him out before releasing a barrage of punches in the third. He was eventually presented with his silver medal in 1982.[12]
  • Ibragim Samadov of the 1992 Unified Team was stripped of his bronze medal after he "hurled his bronze medal to the floor" and "stormed off the stage during the awards ceremony."[13]
  • Ara Abrahamian of Sweden was stripped of his bronze medal in 2008 for similar reasons to Samadov.[14]
  • In 2010, China was stripped of a team gymnastics bronze medal from 2000 after Dong Fangxiao was found to have been underage at the time of the competition.[15]
  • In 2022, the women's ski cross event results were revised nine days after the event and a week after the Games had ended, following an appeal by Fanny Smith, who was penalized for causing contact during the final. She replaced Daniela Maier for bronze upon the FIS appeal panel decision. The two athletes and their sporting federations later agreed to share third place and Maier's bronze medal was restored.[16][17]
  • In 2024, Jordan Chiles was initially awarded bronze in the floor exercise final. Although Chiles's initial score was not high enough to earn a medal, officials adjusted her score following an appeal from Chiles's coach after determining that Chiles's difficulty score should be raised by one-tenth. Chiles's revised score placed her in third place, earning a bronze medal. The Romanian Gymnastics Federation appealed this decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which ruled that Chiles's coach had made the appeal not within the allowed minute (specifically, four seconds late). In response to the ruling, the International Gymnastics Federation reinstated Chiles's initial score, putting her in fifth place, and reinstated Romanian gymnast Ana Bărbosu to third place. On August 11, the International Olympic Committee announced that the bronze medal in the floor exercise would go to Bărbosu, thus leaving Chiles without an individual Olympic medal.[18][19]

Some athletes have had medals taken away from them for different methods of cheating before physically getting on to the medal podium, such as American marathon runner Frederick Lorz at the 1904 Olympics and Swedish horse rider Bertil Sandström at the 1932 Olympics. These athletes are not included in the list as they were disqualified before physically receiving their medals, and in any case were never guaranteed to win them going in to the final round of competition.[20]

Russian wrestler Besik Kudukhov failed a drug test in 2016 from a sample taken when he competed in the 60 kg freestyle wrestling event at the 2012 Olympics. However, as Kudukhov had died in a car accident three years earlier, his medal was retained.

In the case of Rick DeMont, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) recognized his gold medal performance in the 1972 Summer Olympics in 2001,[21] but only the IOC has the power to restore his medal, and it has, as of 2024, refused to do so. DeMont originally won the gold medal in the 400m freestyle swimming, but the International Olympic Committee (IOC) stripped him of his gold medal[22] after his post-race urinalysis tested positive for traces of the banned substance ephedrine contained in his prescription asthma medication, Marax. The positive test also deprived him of a chance at multiple medals, as he was not permitted to swim in any other events at the 1972 Olympics, including the 1,500-meter freestyle for which he was the then-current world record-holder. Before the Olympics, DeMont had properly declared his asthma medications on his medical disclosure forms, but the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) had not cleared them with the IOC's medical committee.[23]

List of stripped Olympic medals

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  • This is the list of Olympic medals stripped by the IOC, the governing body of the Olympics.
  • Stripped team medals are counted once each, regardless of the size of the team stripped or how many team members were disqualified, although a stripped team medal usually entails the return of multiple physical medals, one per team member.
  • Unless otherwise indicated by a footnote, a stripped team medal means the entire team in question was disqualified entirely from the event, even if for infractions by a subset of its members.
  • (X) medal declared vacant (9 occasions)
  • (Y) medal yet to be reallocated (5 medals)
  • (Z) not due to doping (12 medals)
Olympics Athlete(s) Country Medal Event Ref.
1904 Summer Olympics Jack Egan   United States   Boxing, Men's Lightweight (Z) [7][8]
  Boxing, Men's Welterweight (Z)
1948 Summer Olympics Equestrian team (Gehnäll Persson)   Sweden   Equestrian, Team dressage (Z) [10]
1968 Summer Olympics Modern Pentathlon team (Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall)   Sweden   Modern pentathlon, Team [24]
1972 Summer Olympics Bakhvain Buyadaa   Mongolia   Judo, Men's 63 kg (X) [25]
Cycling team (Aad van den Hoek)   Netherlands   Cycling, Men's team time trial (X) [26]
Jaime Huélamo   Spain   Cycling, Men's individual road race (X) [26]
Rick DeMont   United States   Swimming, Men's 400 m freestyle [21]
1976 Winter Olympics Galina Kulakova   Soviet Union   Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 5 km [27]
1976 Summer Olympics Valentin Khristov   Bulgaria   Weightlifting, Men's 110 kg [28]
Blagoy Blagoev   Weightlifting, Men's 82.5 kg [29]
Zbigniew Kaczmarek   Poland   Weightlifting, Men's 67.5 kg [30]
1984 Summer Olympics Martti Vainio   Finland   Athletics, Men's 10,000 m [31]
Tomas Johansson   Sweden   Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman +100 kg [32]
1988 Summer Olympics Mitko Grablev   Bulgaria   Weightlifting, Men's 56 kg [33]
Angel Guenchev   Weightlifting, Men's 67.5 kg [33]
Ben Johnson   Canada   Athletics, Men's 100 m [34]
Andor Szanyi   Hungary   Weightlifting, Men's 100 kg [35]
Kerrith Brown   Great Britain   Judo, Men's 71 kg [36]
1992 Summer Olympics Ibragim Samadov   Unified Team   Weightlifting, Men's 82.5 kg (X, Z) [13]
2000 Summer Olympics Ashot Danielyan   Armenia   Weightlifting, Men's +105 kg [37]
Izabela Dragneva   Bulgaria   Weightlifting, Women's 48 kg [38]
Ivan Ivanov   Weightlifting, Men's 56 kg [38]
Sevdalin Minchev   Weightlifting, Men's 62 kg [38]
Gymnastics team (Dong Fangxiao)   China   Gymnastics, Women's artistic team all-around (Z) [15]
Alexander Leipold   Germany   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 76 kg [39]
Andreea Răducan   Romania   Gymnastics, Women's artistic individual all-around [40]
Marion Jones   United States   Athletics, Women's 100 m (X) [41]
  Athletics, Women's 200 m [41]
  Athletics, Women's 4 × 400 metres relay [41]
  Athletics, Women's 4 × 100 metres relay [41]
  Athletics, Women's long jump [41]
Relay team (Antonio Pettigrew, Jerome Young)   Athletics, Men's 4 × 400 m relay [42]
Lance Armstrong   Cycling, Men's road time trial (X) [43]
2002 Winter Olympics Alain Baxter   Great Britain   Alpine Skiing, Men's slalom [44]
Olga Danilova   Russia   Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit [45]
  Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 10 km classical [45]
Larisa Lazutina   Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 30 km classical [45][46]
  Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 15 km freestyle mass start [47]
  Cross-Country Skiing, Women's 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit [47]
Johann Mühlegg   Spain   Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 50 km classical [45]
  Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 30 km freestyle [48]
  Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 10 km + 10 km combined pursuit [48]
2004 Summer Olympics Ivan Tsikhan   Belarus   Athletics, Men's hammer throw (X) [49]
Iryna Yatchenko   Athletics, Women's discus throw [49]
Equestrian team[a]
(Goldfever horse; Ludger Beerbaum rider) 		  Germany   Equestrian, Team show jumping [50]
Leonidas Sabanis   Greece   Weightlifting, Men's 62 kg [51]
Adrián Annus   Hungary   Athletics, Men's hammer throw [52]
Róbert Fazekas   Athletics, Men's discus throw [53]
Ferenc Gyurkovics   Weightlifting, Men's 105 kg [54]
Waterford Crystal (horse; Cian O'Connor rider)   Ireland   Equestrian, Individual show jumping [55]
Irina Korzhanenko   Russia   Athletics, Women's shot put [56]
Svetlana Krivelyova   Athletics, Women's shot put (X) [49]
Oleg Perepetchenov   Weightlifting, Men's 77 kg [57]
Yuriy Bilonoh   Ukraine   Athletics, Men's shot put [49]
Rowing team (Olena Olefirenko)   Rowing, Women's quadruple sculls [58]
Tyler Hamilton   United States   Cycling, Men's road time trial [59]
2006 Winter Olympics Olga Pyleva   Russia   Biathlon, Women's individual [60]
2008 Summer Olympics Tigran Gevorg Martirosyan   Armenia   Weightlifting, Men's 69 kg [61]
Vitaliy Rahimov   Azerbaijan   Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg [62]
Rashid Ramzi   Bahrain   Athletics, Men's 1500 m [63]
Aksana Miankova   Belarus   Athletics, Women's hammer throw [64]
Natallia Mikhnevich   Athletics, Women's shot put [64]
Andrei Rybakou   Weightlifting, Men's 85 kg [66]
Andrei Mikhnevich   Athletics, Men's shot put [67]
Nastassia Novikava   Weightlifting, Women's 53 kg [66]
Nadzeya Ostapchuk   Athletics, Women's shot put [68]
Liu Chunhong   China   Weightlifting, Women's 69 kg [68]
Cao Lei   Weightlifting, Women's 75 kg [68]
Chen Xiexia   Weightlifting, Women's 48 kg [68]
Yarelys Barrios   Cuba   Athletics, Women's discus throw [69]
Hrysopiyi Devetzi   Greece   Athletics, Women's triple jump [62]
Davide Rebellin   Italy   Cycling, Men's road race [70]
Relay team (Nesta Carter)   Jamaica   Athletics, Men's 4 × 100 m relay [71]
Ilya Ilyin   Kazakhstan   Weightlifting, Men's 94 kg [64]
Irina Nekrassova   Weightlifting, Women's 63 kg [62]
Taimuraz Tigiyev   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 96 kg [66]
Mariya Grabovetskaya   Weightlifting, Women's +75 kg [62]
Asset Mambetov   Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg [62]
Kim Jong-su   North Korea   Shooting, Men's 50 m air pistol [72]
  Shooting, Men's 10 m air pistol [72][73]
Equestrian team[b]
(Camiro horse; Tony André Hansen rider) 		  Norway   Equestrian, team show jumping [74]
Relay team (Yuliya Chermoshanskaya)   Russia   Athletics, Women's 4 × 100 m relay [75]
Maria Abakumova   Athletics, Women's javelin throw [76]
Khasan Baroev   Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg [62]
Tatyana Lebedeva   Athletics, Women's triple jump [71]
  Athletics, Women's long jump [71]
Relay team (Anastasiya Kapachinskaya, Tatyana Firova)   Athletics, Women's 4 × 400 m relay [61]
Marina Shainova   Weightlifting, Women's 58 kg [61]
Khadzhimurat Akkaev   Weightlifting, Men's 94 kg [62]
Anna Chicherova   Athletics, Women's high jump [79]
Nadezhda Evstyukhina   Weightlifting, Women's 75 kg [61]
Dmitry Lapikov   Weightlifting, Men's 105 kg [62]
Tatyana Chernova   Athletics, Women's heptathlon [80]
Relay team (Denis Alexeev)   Athletics, Men's 4 × 400 m relay [76]
Yekaterina Volkova   Athletics, Women's 3000 m steeplechase [66]
Ara Abrahamian   Sweden   Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg (X, Z) [81]
Elvan Abeylegesse   Turkey   Athletics, Women's 5000 metres [82]
  Athletics, Women's 10000 metres [82]
Sibel Özkan   Weightlifting, Women's 48 kg [83]
Lyudmyla Blonska   Ukraine   Athletics, Women's heptathlon [84]
Vasyl Fedoryshyn   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 60 kg [85]
Olha Korobka   Weightlifting, Women's +75 kg [66]
Nataliya Davydova   Weightlifting, Women's 69 kg [62]
Victoria Tereshchuk   Modern pentathlon, Women's modern pentathlon [86]
Denys Yurchenko   Athletics, Men's pole vault [62]
Artur Taymazov   Uzbekistan   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 120 kg [85]
Soslan Tigiev   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 74 kg [66]
2010 Winter Olympics Evgeny Ustyugov   Russia   Biathlon, Men's mass start (Y) [87]
Relay team (Evgeny Ustyugov)   Russia   Biathlon, Men's relay (Y) [88]
2012 Summer Olympics Hripsime Khurshudyan   Armenia   Weightlifting, Women's +75 kg [89]
Valentin Hristov   Azerbaijan   Weightlifting, Men's 56 kg [90]
Nadzeya Ostapchuk   Belarus   Athletics, Women's shot put [91]
Iryna Kulesha   Weightlifting, Women's 75 kg [89]
Maryna Shkermankova   Weightlifting, Women's 69 kg [93]
Davit Modzmanashvili   Georgia   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 120 kg [94]
Zulfiya Chinshanlo   Kazakhstan   Weightlifting, Women's 53 kg [93]
Ilya Ilyin   Weightlifting, Men's 94 kg [64]
Maiya Maneza   Weightlifting, Women's 63 kg [93]
Svetlana Podobedova   Weightlifting, Women's 75 kg [93]
Jevgenij Shuklin   Lithuania   Canoeing, Men's C-1 200 m [95]
Anatolie Cîrîcu   Moldova   Weightlifting, Men's 94 kg [89]
Cristina Iovu   Weightlifting, Women's 53 kg [89]
Răzvan Martin   Romania   Weightlifting, Men's 69 kg [96]
Roxana Cocoș   Weightlifting, Women's 69 kg [97]
Natalya Antyukh   Russia   Athletics, Women's 400 m hurdles [98]
Sergey Kirdyapkin   Athletics, Men's 50 km walk [99]
Elena Lashmanova   Athletics, Women's 20 km walk [100][101]
Ivan Ukhov   Athletics, Men's high jump [102]
Tatyana Lysenko   Athletics, Women's hammer throw [103]
Mariya Savinova   Athletics, Women's 800 m [104][105]
Yuliya Zaripova   Athletics, Women's 3000 m steeplechase [106][89]
Apti Aukhadov   Weightlifting, Men's 85 kg [107]
Aleksandr Ivanov   Weightlifting, Men's 94 kg [89]
Olga Kaniskina   Athletics, Women's 20 km walk [108]
Yevgeniya Kolodko   Athletics, Women's shot put [109]
Darya Pishchalnikova   Athletics, Women's discus throw [110]
Tatyana Tomashova   Athletics, Women's 1500 m (Y) [111]
Relay team (Antonina Krivoshapka, Yulia Gushchina, Tatyana Firova, Natalya Antyukh)   Athletics, Women's 4 × 400 m relay [112][113][114]
Svetlana Tsarukaeva   Weightlifting, Women's 63 kg [85]
Natalya Zabolotnaya   Weightlifting, Women's 75 kg [89]
Tatyana Chernova   Athletics, Women's heptathlon [115]
Svetlana Shkolina   Athletics, Women's high jump [116]
Ruslan Albegov   Weightlifting, Men's +105 kg [117]
Asli Cakir Alptekin   Turkey   Athletics, Women's 1500 m [118]
Gamze Bulut   Athletics, Women's 1500 m [82]
Relay team (Tyson Gay)   United States   Athletics, Men's 4 × 100 m relay [119]
Oleksiy Torokhtiy   Ukraine   Weightlifting, Men's 105 kg [120]
Oleksandr Pyatnytsya   Athletics, Men's javelin throw [121]
Yuliya Kalina   Weightlifting, Women's 58 kg [122]
Artur Taymazov   Uzbekistan   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 120 kg [123]
Soslan Tigiev   Wrestling, Men's freestyle 74 kg [124]
2014 Winter Olympics Two-man (Alexandr Zubkov, Alexey Voyevoda)   Russia   Bobsleigh, Two-man [125][126][127]
Four-man (Alexandr Zubkov, Alexey Voyevoda)   Bobsleigh, Four-man
Relay team (Evgeny Ustyugov)   Biathlon, Men's relay (Y) [128]
Relay team (Olga Zaitseva)   Biathlon, Women's relay [126]
2016 Summer Olympics Nijat Rahimov   Kazakhstan   Weightlifting, Men's 77 kg (Y) [129][130]
Izzat Artykov   Kyrgyzstan   Weightlifting, Men's 69 kg [131]
Serghei Tarnovschi   Moldova   Canoeing, Men's C-1 1000 m [132]
Gabriel Sîncrăian   Romania   Weightlifting, Men's 85 kg [133]
Mikhail Aloyan   Russia   Boxing, Men's flyweight [133]
2018 Winter Olympics Curling team (Aleksandr Krushelnitckii)   Olympic Athletes from Russia   Curling, Mixed doubles [134]
2020 Summer Olympics Relay team (Chijindu Ujah)   Great Britain   Athletics, Men's 4 x 100 m relay [135]
2022 Winter Olympics Figure skating team (Kamila Valieva)[c]   ROC   Figure skating, team event [136][137][138]
2024 Summer Olympics Jordan Chiles   United States   Gymnastics, Women's floor (Z) [18][139]

List of Olympic medals stripped and later returned

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Here is the list of Olympic medals that were stripped by the IOC and later returned by the IOC.

Olympics Athlete Country Medal Event Ref
1912 Summer Olympics Jim Thorpe   United States   Athletics, Men's pentathlon (Z) [9]
  Athletics, Men's decathlon (Z) [9]
1952 Summer Olympics Ingemar Johansson   Sweden   Boxing, Men's heavyweight (Z) [140]
1964 Winter Olympics Marika Kilius, Hans-Jürgen Bäumler   Germany   Figure skating, Pairs (Z) [11]
1998 Winter Olympics Ross Rebagliati   Canada   Snowboarding, Men's giant slalom [141]
2000 Summer Olympics Relay team (except Marion Jones)   United States   Athletics, Women's 4 × 400 m relay [142]
Relay team (except Marion Jones)   Athletics, Women's 4 × 100 m relay [142]
2004 Summer Olympics María Luisa Calle   Colombia   Cycling, Women's points race [143]
2008 Summer Olympics Vadim Devyatovskiy   Belarus   Athletics, Men's hammer throw [144]
Ivan Tsikhan   Athletics, Men's hammer throw [144]
2014 Winter Olympics Alexander Legkov   Russia   Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 50 km freestyle [145]
Aleksandr Tretyakov   Skeleton, Men's individual [145]
Relay team (Alexander Legkov, Maxim Vylegzhanin, Alexander Bessmertnykh)   Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 4 x 10 km relay [145]
Maksim Vylegzhanin   Cross-Country Skiing, Men's 50 km freestyle [145]
Relay team (Maxim Vylegzhanin, Nikita Kryukov)   Cross-Country Skiing, Men's team sprint [145]
Olga Vilukhina   Biathlon, Women's sprint [146]
Olga Fatkulina   Speed Skating, Women's 500 m [145]
Albert Demchenko   Luge, Men's singles [145]
Relay team (Albert Demchenko, Tatiana Ivanova)   Luge, Team relay [145]
Elena Nikitina   Skeleton, Women's individual [145]
Nicklas Bäckström   Sweden   Ice hockey, Men's tournament [147]
2022 Winter Olympics Daniela Maier[d][148][149]   Germany   Freestyle skiing, Women's ski cross (Z) [17]

Stripped, returned, and then stripped

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Gold medals for the 2000 Olympic men's 4 × 400 metres relay were awarded to the U.S. squad of Jerome Young, Michael Johnson, Antonio Pettigrew, Angelo Taylor, Alvin Harrison and Calvin Harrison. In 2004, after Young (who ran in the heats) was retroactively banned from 1999 to 2001, all six were stripped of their medals.[150][151]

In 2005, the Court of Arbitration for Sport restored the medals of the remaining five due to the fact that, according to the rules of the time, a team should not be disqualified because of a doping offense of an athlete who did not compete in the finals, but in 2008, Pettigrew admitted to the use of doping from 1997 to 2003, meaning that the team was disqualified.[42][152]

Medals stripped by country

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A total of 38 countries/teams have had medals stripped, counting separately from Russia the former Soviet Union, the Unified Team of 1992, Olympic Athletes from Russia team of 2018, and the Russian Olympic Committee team of 2022. In total, 99 (61%) of all medals stripped are from former Soviet states.

Stripped medals by country
Country       Total
  Russia (RUS) 15 21 13 49
  United States (USA) 6 2 5 13
  Ukraine (UKR) 2 4 5 11
  Belarus (BLR) 2 3 6 11
  Kazakhstan (KAZ) 6 2 2 10
  Bulgaria (BUL) 4 2 1 7
  Turkey (TUR) 1 4 0 5
  China (CHN) 3 0 1 4
  Spain (ESP) 3 0 1 4
  Hungary (HUN) 2 2 0 4
  Uzbekistan (UZB) 2 1 1 4
  Romania (ROM) 1 1 2 4
  Sweden (SWE) 1 1 2 4
  Great Britain (GBR) 0 1 2 3
  Armenia (ARM) 0 0 3 3
  Moldova (MDA) 0 0 3 3
  Germany (GER) 2 0 0 2
  Azerbaijan (AZE) 0 1 1 2
  North Korea (PRK) 0 1 1 2
  Greece (GRE) 0 0 2 2
  Bahrain (BRN) 1 0 0 1
  Canada (CAN) 1 0 0 1
  Ireland (IRL) 1 0 0 1
  Jamaica (JAM) 1 0 0 1
  Poland (POL) 1 0 0 1
  ROC 1 0 0 1
  Cuba (CUB) 0 1 0 1
  Finland (FIN) 0 1 0 1
  Georgia (GEO) 0 1 0 1
  Italy (ITA) 0 1 0 1
  Lithuania (LTU) 0 1 0 1
  Mongolia (MGL) 0 1 0 1
  Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) 0 0 1 1
  Netherlands (NED) 0 0 1 1
  Norway (NOR) 0 0 1 1
  Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 0 0 1 1
  Soviet Union (URS) 0 0 1 1
  Unified Team (EUN) 0 0 1 1
Total 55 52 55 162

Medals stripped by gender

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Men have had more medals stripped overall. Men have also had more gold and bronze medals stripped, but women have had more silver medals stripped. However, based on percentages men and women have had medals stripped at similar rates.

Mixed events will be classed in the table below on which gender caused the medal to be stripped. If both genders contribute to the medal being stripped, then it should be added to both tallies. Note that Marion Jones' stripped relay medals are not counted.

Stripped medals by gender
Gender       Total Percentage
Male 32 25 32 89 54.9%
Female 23 27 23 73 45.1%
Total 55 52 55 162 100%

Medals stripped by sport

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A total of 19 different sports have had medals stripped: 13 from the Summer Olympics and 6 from the Winter Olympics. Athletics and weightlifting have had by far the greatest numbers of medals stripped compared to any other sport; consequently, the vast majority of stripped medals are for Summer Olympics sports, with only 17 stripped medals for Winter Olympics sports, of which cross-country skiing has the majority, 9.

Stripped medals by sport
Sport       Total
Athletics 21 20 13 54
Weightlifting 15 14 23 52
Wrestling 3 7 3 13
Cross-country skiing 5 3 1 9
Biathlon 2 2 1 5
Cycling 1 1 3 5
Equestrian 3 0 1 4
Boxing 0 2 1 3
Bobsleigh 2 0 0 2
Gymnastics 1 0 1 2
Canoeing 0 1 1 2
Judo 0 1 1 2
Shooting 0 1 1 2
Modern pentathlon 0 0 2 2
Figure skating 1 0 0 1
Swimming 1 0 0 1
Alpine skiing 0 0 1 1
Curling 0 0 1 1
Rowing 0 0 1 1
Total 55 52 55 162

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The German team was not disqualified, but with Beerbaum's score excluded, it dropped from gold medalist to bronze medalist.
  2. ^ The Norwegian team was not disqualified, but with Hansen's score excluded, it dropped from bronze medalist to tenth.
  3. ^ The CAS ruling explicitly disqualified Valieva and stripped Valieva's medal. The rest of the ROC team was not disqualified, but with Valieva's scores deleted, they were demoted from gold to bronze, and because the ROC itself remains suspended, even the bronze medals have not been awarded.
  4. ^ During the women's ski cross final, Fanny Smith (SUI) was penalised for interference that automatically demoted her in the final, and filed an appeal. The FIS announced on 26 February 2022 the close proximity of the incident in question with multiple participants resulted in the penalty being rescinded and demoted to an official warning, with results revised. On 13 December 2022, after further consultation with both affected skiers and their federations, the result was changed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport where both competitors in question were awarded duplicate bronze medals.

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