Hypohalite

A hypohalite is an oxyanion containing a halogen in oxidation state +1.^{[citation needed]} This includes hypoiodite, hypobromite and hypochlorite. In hypofluorite (oxyfluoride) the fluorine atom is in a −1 oxidation state.

Hypohalites are also encountered in organic chemistry, often as acyl hypohalites (see the Hunsdiecker reaction). Sodium hypohalite is used in the haloform reaction as a test for methyl ketones.^[1]

Structure

The Cl-O bond length in crystalline sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate, NaOCl·5H₂O, is 1.686 Å, while in sodium hypobromite pentahydrate, NaOBr·5H₂O, the Br–O bond length is 8% longer at 1.820 Å.^[2]

References

^ Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach by John Gilbert Stephen Martin p. 863
^ Topić, Filip; Marrett, Joseph M.; Borchers, Tristan H.; Titi, Hatem M.; Barrett, Christopher J.; Friščić, Tomislav (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.

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[1] Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach by John Gilbert Stephen Martin p. 863

[Friscic-2] Topić, Filip; Marrett, Joseph M.; Borchers, Tristan H.; Titi, Hatem M.; Barrett, Christopher J.; Friščić, Tomislav (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.

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