George Peter Alexander Healy

Healy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the eldest of five children of an Irish captain in the merchant marine.

Having been left fatherless at a young age, Healy helped to support his mother. At sixteen years of age he began drawing, and at developed an ambition to be an artist. Jane Stuart, daughter of Gilbert Stuart, aided him, loaning him a Guido's "Ecce Homo", which he copied in color and sold to a country priest. Later, she introduced him to Thomas Sully, by whose advice Healy profited, and gratefully repaid Sully in the days of the latter's adversity.

At eighteen, Healy began painting portraits, and was soon very successful. In 1834, he went to Europe, leaving his mother well provided for, and remained abroad sixteen years during which he studied with Antoine-Jean Gros in Paris and in Rome, came under the influence of Thomas Couture, and painted assiduously.^[1] He received a third-class medal in the Paris Salon of 1840. In 1843 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician. He won a second-class medal in Paris in 1855, when he exhibited his Franklin Urging the Claims of the American Colonies Before Louis XVI.^[2]

In 1855, he returned to the United States, establishing his home and studio in Chicago, Illinois, where he remained based for the next 14 years until 1869. In 1857, he purchased a cottage in Cottage Hill, Illinois (today's Elmhurst) from Thomas Barbour Bryan, adjacent to Bryan's own Byrd's Nest estate. Healy would live in this cottage for the next six years.^[3][4] Bryan would be a significant patron of Healy's art.^[3] Healy also partnered with Bryan, as well as William Butler Ogden, Sidney Sawyer, and Edwin H Sheldon, in founding Graceland Cemetery.^[5] During the time his studio was based in Chicago, he also traveled in the United States to complete commissions.

Healy went back to Europe in 1869, painting steadily, chiefly in Rome and Paris, for twenty-one years. In 1892, he returned to live near family in Chicago, where he died on June 24, 1894.^[2] He was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Evanston.

Healy's autobiography, Reminiscences of a Portrait Painter, was published in 1894.^[1]

Healy was one of the most prolific and popular painters of his day.^[2] He was remarkably facile, enterprising, courageous, and industrious. "All my days are spent in my painting room" (Reminiscences). His style, essentially French, was sound, his color fine, his drawing correct and his management of light and shade excellent. His likenesses, firm in outline, solidly painted, and with later glazings, are emphatic, rugged, and forceful.

Among his portraits of eminent persons are those of Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John Calhoun, Pope Pius IX, Arnold Henry Guyot, William H. Seward, Louis Philippe, Marshal Soult, Hawthorne, Prescott, Longfellow, Liszt, Gambetta, Thiers, Lord Lyons, Sallie Ward and the Princess (later the queen) of Romania. He painted portraits of all the presidents of the United States from John Quincy Adams to Ulysses Grant—this series being painted for the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, D.C.^[2][1] Healy also painted The Peacemakers in 1868 and Abraham Lincoln in 1869. In one large historical work, Webster's Reply to Hayne (1851; in Faneuil Hall, Boston), there are one hundred and thirty portraits.

His principal works include portraits of Lincoln (Corcoran Gallery), Bishop (later Cardinal) McClosky (bishop's residence, Albany), Guizot (1841, in Smithsonian Institution), Audubon (1838, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.), Comte de Paris (Met. Mus. Of Art, New York), Isaac Thomas Hecker C.S.P., Founder of the Paulist Fathers (North American Paulist Center, Washington, D.C.)

The Newberry Library in Chicago holds 41 of Healy's paintings, donated by the artist in 1887. Most of the works can be found on display throughout the building. The Newberry also holds some letters by Healy, as well as information about the paintings.^[6]

Healy's 1877 portrait of a young Lincoln was the model used for a Lincoln postage stamp, issued on February 12, 1959, the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth.

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  Jim Bowie
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  Euphemia White Van Rensselaer, 1842, MET DT2051
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  John C. Calhoun, c. 1845
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  James Knox Polk, 1846
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  Henry Wheaton, c. 1847
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  Richard Washington Corbin, 1850
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  Millard Fillmore, 1857
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  John Quincy Adams, 1858
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  Martin Van Buren, 1858
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  James Knox Polk, 1858
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  Franklin Pierce, 1858
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  James Buchanan, 1859
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  Dr. William Grosvenor, 1859
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  Sallie Ward, 1860
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  Orestes A. Brownson, 1863
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  John Tyler, 1864
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  William Tecumseh Sherman, 1866
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  Eleanor Boyle Ewing Sherman, 1868
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  The Peacemakers, 1868
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  Ulysses Simpson Grant, 1868
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  Abraham Lincoln, 1869
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  Pope Pius IX, 1871
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  Carol I of Romania, 1873
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  Jennie Byrd Bryan Payne, 1874
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  Roxana Atwater Wentworth, 1876, National Gallery of Art
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  Chester Alan Arthur, 1884
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  Self-Portrait, 1886
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  The Wetmore Boys
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  Benjamin S. Edwards
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  Helen Edwards
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  Ninian Wirt Edwards
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  Elizabeth Todd Edwards
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  Judge George Judd
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  Lucy Judd

Attribution:

•   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Healy, George Peter Alexander". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 122.
•   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hunt, Leigh Harrison (1913). "George Peter Alexander Healy". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.