The Durand Cup (also called the IndianOil Durand Cup Powered by Coal India Limited for sponsorship reasons) is an annual domestic football competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.[2][3] Hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and the All India Football Federation (AIFF), the tournament is the oldest existing club football tournament in Asia and the fifth[a] oldest national football competition in the world.[4][5][6] The tournament currently serves as the curtain raiser for every Indian football season. It is open for any national club of any divisions, with guest invitee teams from different sections of the Indian Armed Forces, keeping the century long tradition intact.[7][8][9]

Durand Cup
Organising bodyDurand Football Tournament Society
and AIFF
Founded1888; 136 years ago (1888)[1]
RegionIndia
Number of teams24
Current championsNorthEast United (1st title)
Most successful team(s)Mohun Bagan SG (17 titles)
Television broadcastersSony Sports
SonyLIV (online streaming)
MottoA Saga of Enduring Glory
Many Champions. One Legacy.
The quest for a lasting legacy
WebsiteOfficial website
DFTS website
2024 Durand Cup

Since the inception of the Federation Cup, it became merely an exhibition tournament with invitational participations. However, from 2022 all the Indian Super League and majority of the I-League clubs participate making it open to all clubs across all divisions in India along guest invite teams. The tournament indicates the beginning of an Indian football season across all divisions. It currently hold the status of Football League Cup similar to Carabao EFL Cup in England and not Premier Domestic Cup status which belongs to AIFF Super Cup.[10][11]

The tournament is named after its founder Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of India from 1884 to 1894. It was first began as a football tournament for different departments and regiments of Armed forces of India and the princely states.[12] Since independence, the army's presence is maintained by the participation of several clubs of different regiments Indian Armed Forces as guest invitees.[13] Army Green became the latest Army team to win the competition in 2016.[14]

History

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Foundation

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Henry Mortimer Durand, who incorporated the tournament in Shimla in 1888.

The Durand Football Tournament, known as Durand Cup, was started by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand in Shimla in 1888.[15][16] Sir Henry was recuperating from illness in Shimla in North India. Having become conscious of the value of sport as a means to maintain health, he decided to present a prize to encourage sporting competition in India. In 1940, the venue of the tournament was shifted to New Delhi.[15]

British Raj era

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The Durand tournament was initially a military affair, open to the British Armed Forces, the Indian Army and other armed units such as provincial frontier-security regiments and the volunteer regiments of the reserves.[17] In practice, however, the native soldiers traditionally preferred field hockey to football, a fact which has been evident from the Indian and Pakistani dominance of that sport in international events such as the Olympics. The exception to this tradition were the Nepali men of the brigades of Gurkhas. Initially, this tended to leave the field open to the Indian Army until football's popularity took hold and it became the more universal sport it is today.[citation needed]

The matches were played in Dagshai, near Shimla, with the inaugural final becoming a Scottish affair, where the first name on the trophy been inscribed was the Royal Scots Fusiliers, who beat the Highland Light Infantry by 2–1.[18][19] In 1940 the tournament was relocated to the capital city of New Delhi and, with most military units dispatched in World War II, the tournament was opened to civilian teams so as to maintain the level of competition, wherein Mohammedan became the first civilian team to win the tournament at the Irwin Amphitheater.[20] The tournament would get suspended due to the war, which would soon be followed by the Indian independence movement leading to the partition of India.[21]

Post-independence

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Following the turmoil of in 1947, the Durand Cup was accidentally discovered in the office of Commander-in-Chief Sir Claude Auchinleck and efforts were made in order to shift the tournament to the newly formed Pakistan, but was strongly resisted by the Defence Secretary H.M. Patel, who acquired and stored it in the State Bank of India, ensuring that the Durand Cup remains a part of Indian football.[22] Since then the tournament is hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society, a registered society at Delhi, presided by the Chief of Defence Staff and chaired by the three Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces.[15][23] At the first edition of the tournament since the independence of India, Hyderabad City Police defeated Mohun Bagan by 1–0 in the replayed final. For the next ten years, the trophy would go on to swap hands frequently among East Bengal FC, Mohun Bagan, Madras Regimental Centre and Hyderabad City Police, who played as Andhra Pradesh Police after 1960. After a year of halt due to Sino-Indian War, the tournament would get dominated by Mohun Bagan and East Bengal, with Border Security Force and JCT FC challenging their dominant run at times.[8] In 1997, FC Kochin became the first South Indian club to get their hands on the Durand Cup.[24][25]

 
Salgaocar FC (in green) and BSF (in red) players along with the match officials and Chief of the Army Staff Gen. Deepak Kapoor, prior to their Durand Cup match at the Ambedkar Stadium in 2008.

Mahindra United FC won the first title of the 3rd millennium and their second time, following its 1998 win.[26] In 2006, Osian's became the first civilian organisation to co-host the Durand Cup on a 5-year deal with DFTS until 2010, in order to develop the tournament and revive the interest in the game.[27][28] In the following years however, clubs from Goa produced a run of winning form with clubs like Salgaocar FC, Sporting Clube de Goa, Dempo SC and Churchill Brothers FC Goa.[29][30][31] Churchill Brothers FC Goa won the tournament thrice in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and narrowly missed a hat-trick, as runners-up in 2008.[32][33][34] Since 2000, only twice the tournament was won by the Indian Armed Force teams – Army XI in 2005 and Army Green in 2016.[29][35] In 2013, Mohammedan SC would win the tournament for the second time after 73 years and for the first time since the independence of India. Due to lack of adequate response in New Delhi, the following year Durand Cup was relocated to Goa, under the instructions of Minister of Defence Manohar Parrikar.[36] The significance of the tournament had dissipated with time but the Indian Armed Forces kept the Durand Tournament tradition alive for decades. The tournament had been scrapped-off from the Indian football calendar a number of times without any significant reason, for instance in the years 2015, 2017 and 2018.[37]

 
FC Goa (in black) and Mohammedan SC (in white) lined up during the 2021 Durand Cup Final at Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan.

In 2019, the tournament was jointly organised by the Armed Forces and the Government of West Bengal, thus relocated to West Bengal in favour for higher attendance figures. In that edition, Gokulam Kerala FC became the second football club from Kerala to win the tournament.[24] In 2020, the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[38][39] In 2021, the Armed Forces decided to host the tournament in West Bengal, jointly with the Government of West Bengal, till 2025.[40] As the significance of the tournament depraved, usually the participating Indian Super League (ISL) clubs would field their respective reserve squads, in order to focus on the more important league games. However, at 130th edition of the tournament, organisers took an effort to revive the legacy and most clubs decided to field full-strength squads. FC Goa became fourth Goan club to win the tournament by defeating Mohammedan SC.[41] The following year, AIFF decided to make Durand Cup a mandatory tournament for all ISL clubs to participate since a club must play at least 27 domestic games to be eligible for AFC competitions, therefore AFC for the first time recognised Durand Cup as one of the cup tournaments of India. Hence, in the 131st edition, for the first time, all the clubs of ISL participated in the tournament along with five invited clubs from I-League and the usual four armed force teams.[42] Due to expansion of the competition, the matches were hosted at more than one venue, alongside Kolkata, which was unprecedented till then.[43]

Competition format

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While there is no record of the competition's format in its earlier days, currently the Durand Cup is played in two phases: round-robin and knockouts.[44]

A total of 24 teams feature in the group stage round.[45] Each team is allowed to have a maximum of 30 players to complete their rosters.

After the round-robin schedule, top teams from each group would progress into the knockout stage, which culminates with 2 teams facing each other in the finals.[46]

Trophies

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Unlike any other competition around the world winning team is presented with three trophies:[47]

  • Durand Cup (Nicknamed The Masterpiece): the original tournament trophy which became a rolling trophy since 1965.[48]
  • Shimla Trophy (Nicknamed The Artistry): donated by the residents of Shimla in 1904 to show their passion and support for the tournament, the trophy began to be awarded in rolling since 1965.[49]
  • President's Cup (Nicknamed The Pride): a rolling trophy that replaced the Viceroy's Trophy post-independence by the President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad.[50]

Finals

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Results

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Pre-independence era (1888–1947)

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Year Winners Score Runners-up Ref.
1888   Royal Scots Fusiliers 2–1   Highland Light Infantry [51][52][53]
1889   Highland Light Infantry 8–1   Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1890   Highland Light Infantry 0–0 (a.e.t.)
4–2
  Royal Irish Fusiliers
1891   King's Own Scottish Borderers 2–1   East Lancashire Regiment
1892   King's Own Scottish Borderers 3–0   Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1893   Highland Light Infantry 2–1   Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1894   Highland Light Infantry 1–0   Royal Scots Fusiliers
1895   Highland Light Infantry 1–0   Somerset Light Infantry
1896   Somerset Light Infantry 6–1   Black Watch
1897   Black Watch 0–0 (a.e.t.)
4–0
  Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1898   Black Watch 2–0   North Staffordshire Regiment
1899   Black Watch 2–0   Yorkshire Regiment
1900   South Wales Borderers 2–0   East Lancashire Regiment
1901   South Wales Borderers 2–1   South Staffordshire Regiment
1902   Hampshire Regiment 2–1   East Lancashire Regiment
1903   Royal Irish Rifles 1–0   Queen's Regiment
1904   North Staffordshire Regiment 2–0   Black Watch
1905   Royal Dragoons 1–0   Dorset Regiment
1906   Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 3–0   Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
1907   Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 1–0 (a.e.t.)   Royal Welch Fusiliers
1908   Lancashire Fusiliers 2–0   Royal Irish Rifles
1909   Lancashire Fusiliers 2–1   King's Regiment
1910   Royal Scots 1–0   King's Royal Rifle Corps
1911   Black Watch 0–0 (a.e.t.)
1–0
  Lancashire Fusiliers
1912   Royal Scots 1–0   Lancashire Fusiliers
1913   Lancashire Fusiliers 1–0   King's Royal Rifle Corps
1914–19 Tournament not held, due to World War I [52]
1920   Black Watch 2–1   Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) [51][52]
1921   Worcestershire Regiment 1–0   Royal Fusiliers
1922   Lancashire Fusiliers 1–0   Royal Field Artillery
1923   Cheshire Regiment 1–0   Essex Regiment
1924   Worcestershire Regiment 1–1 (a.e.t.)
2–0
  Essex Regiment
1925   Sherwood Foresters 3–1   Worcestershire Regiment
1926   Durham Light Infantry 1–0   Sherwood Foresters
1927   York and Lancaster Regiment 2–0   Eastern Railway
1928   Sherwood Foresters 4–2   York and Lancaster Regiment
1929   York and Lancaster Regiment 3–1   East Yorkshire Regiment
1930   York and Lancaster Regiment 2–0   Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1931   Devonshire Regiment 0–0 (a.e.t.)
3–1
  Border Regiment
1932   King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2–1   Devonshire Regiment
1933   King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2–1   Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1934   Royal Corps of Signals 3–1   Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1935   Border Regiment 1–0   Royal Norfolk Regiment
1936   Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 2–1   Green Howards
1937   Border Regiment 3–1   Royal Scots
1938   South Wales Borderers 1–0   Northwestern Railway Loco SC (Lahore)
1939 Tournament not held, due to World War II [52]
1940   Mohammedan 2–1   Royal Warwickshire Regiment [54][55]
1941–47 Tournament not held, due to World War II & the Partition of India [52]

Post-independence era (1950–present)

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Year Winners Score Runners-up Ref.
1950 Hyderabad City Police 2–2 (a.e.t.)
1–0 (a.e.t.)
Mohun Bagan [56]
1951 East Bengal 1–1 (a.e.t.)
2–1
Rajasthan Armed Constabulary [57]
1952 East Bengal 1–0 Hyderabad City Police [58]
1953 Mohun Bagan 4–0 National Defence Academy [59]
1954 Hyderabad City Police 1–1 (a.e.t.)
1–0
Hindustan Aircraft Limited [60]
1955 Madras Regimental Centre 0–0 (a.e.t.)
0–0 (a.e.t.)
3–2
Indian Air Force [51][61]
1956 East Bengal 2–0 Hyderabad City Police [51]
1957 Hyderabad City Police 2–1 East Bengal [51]
1958 Madras Regimental Centre 1–1 (a.e.t.)
2–0
Gorkha Brigade [51][61]
1959 Mohun Bagan 1–1 (a.e.t.)
3–1
Mohammedan [51]
1960 Mohun Bagan and
East Bengal
1–1 (a.e.t.)
0–0 (a.e.t.)
[51][52]
1961 Andhra Pradesh Police 1–0 Mohun Bagan
1962 Tournament not held, due to Sino-Indian War [62]
1963 Mohun Bagan 0–0 (a.e.t.)

2–0

Andhra Pradesh Police [51][52]
1964 Mohun Bagan 2–0 East Bengal
1965 Mohun Bagan 2–0 Punjab Police
1966 Gorkha Brigade 2–0 Sikh Regimental Centre
1967 East Bengal 1–0 Bengal Nagpur Railway
1968 Border Security Force 1–0 East Bengal
1969 Gorkha Brigade 1–0 Border Security Force
1970 East Bengal 2–0 Mohun Bagan
1971 Border Security Force 0–0 (a.e.t.)
1–0
Leaders Club
1972 East Bengal 0–0 (a.e.t.)
1–0
Mohun Bagan
1973 Border Security Force 2–1 Rajasthan Armed Constabulary
1974 Mohun Bagan 3–2 JCT
1975 Border Security Force 1–0 JCT
1976 Border Security Force and
JCT
1–1 (a.e.t.)
0–0 (a.e.t.)
1977 Mohun Bagan 1–1 (a.e.t.)
2–1
JCT
1978 East Bengal 3–0 Mohun Bagan
1979 Mohun Bagan 1–0 Punjab Police
1980 Mohun Bagan 1–0 Mohammedan
1981 Border Security Force 1–0 JCT
1982 Mohun Bagan and
East Bengal
0–0 (a.e.t.)
1983 JCT 1–1 (a.e.t.)
2–1
Mohun Bagan [63]
1984 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal [51][52]
1985 Mohun Bagan 0–0 (a.e.t.) (3–2 p) JCT
1986 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal
1987 JCT 1–0 Mohun Bagan
1988 Border Security Force 3–2 East Bengal
1989 East Bengal 0–0 (a.e.t.) (3–1 p) Mohun Bagan
1990 East Bengal 3–2 Mahindra & Mahindra
1991 East Bengal 1–1 (a.e.t.) (5–3 p) Border Security Force
1992 JCT 1–0 Mohammedan
1993 East Bengal 1–0 Punjab State Electricity Board
1994 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal [64]
1995 East Bengal 0–0 (a.e.t.) (4–3 p) Tata Football Academy [51][52]
1996 JCT 1–0   Al-Naft
1997 Kochin 3–1 Mohun Bagan [25]
1998 Mahindra & Mahindra 2–1 East Bengal [51][52]
1999 Salgaocar 0–0 (a.e.t.) (3–2 p) East Bengal
2000 Mohun Bagan 1–1 (golden goal) Mahindra United [65]
2001 Mahindra United 5–0 Churchill Brothers [66]
2002 East Bengal 3–0 Army XI [67]
2003 Salgaocar 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–3 p) East Bengal [68]
2004 East Bengal 2–1 Mohun Bagan [69]
2005 Army XI 0–0 (a.e.t.) (5–4 p) Sporting Goa [70]
2006 Dempo 1–0 JCT [71]
2007 Churchill Brothers 1–0 Mahindra United [72]
2008 Mahindra United 3–2 (a.e.t.) Churchill Brothers [73]
2009 Churchill Brothers 3–1 (a.e.t.) Mohun Bagan [74]
2010 United 1–0 JCT [51]
2011 Churchill Brothers 0–0 (a.e.t.) (5–4 p) Prayag United [75]
2012 Air India 0–0 (a.e.t.) (3–2 p) Dodsal [76]
2013 Mohammedan 2–1 ONGC [77]
2014 Salgaocar 1–0 Pune [78]
2016 Army Green 0–0 (a.e.t.) (6–5 p) NEROCA [79]
2019 Gokulam Kerala 2–1 Mohun Bagan [24]
2020 Tournament not held due to COVID-19 pandemic [80]
2021 Goa 1–0 (a.e.t.) Mohammedan [41]
2022 Bengaluru 2–1 Mumbai City [81]
2023 Mohun Bagan SG 1–0 East Bengal [82][83]
2024 NorthEast United 2–2 (4–3 p) Mohun Bagan SG [84]

Performance by team

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Team Champion times Runners-up times Last win
Mohun Bagan SG 17 13 2023
East Bengal 16 11 2004
Border Security Force 7 2 1988
JCT 5 7 1996
  Black Watch 5 2 1920
  Highland Light Infantry 5 1 1895
Hyderabad City Police /
Andhra Pradesh Police
4 3 1961
  Lancashire Fusiliers 4 2 1922
Mahindra & Mahindra /
Mahindra United
3 3 2008
Churchill Brothers 3 2 2011
  York and Lancaster Regiment 3 1 1930
Salgaocar 3 0 2014
  South Wales Borderers 3 0 1938
Mohammedan 2 4 2013
Gorkha Brigade 2 1 1969
  Border Regiment 2 1 1937
  Sherwood Foresters 2 1 1928
  Worcestershire Regiment 2 1 1924
  Royal Scots 2 1 1912
  Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2 1 1907
Madras Regimental Centre 2 0 1958
  King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2 0 1933
  King's Own Scottish Borderers 2 0 1892
  Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders 1 3 1936
United / Prayag United 1 1 2010
Army XI / Army Red 1 1 2005
  Devonshire Regiment 1 1 1931
  North Staffordshire Regiment 1 1 1904
  Royal Irish Rifles 1 1 1903
  Somerset Light Infantry 1 1 1896
  Royal Scots Fusiliers 1 1 1888
NorthEast United 1 0 2024
Bengaluru 1 0 2022
Goa 1 0 2021
Gokulam Kerala 1 0 2019
Army Green 1 0 2016
Air India 1 0 2012
Dempo 1 0 2006
Kochin 1 0 1997
  Royal Corps of Signals 1 0 1934
  Durham Light Infantry 1 0 1926
  Cheshire Regiment 1 0 1923
  Royal Dragoons 1 0 1905
  Hampshire Regiment 1 0 1902

Records

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ There are numerous claims in the list of oldest football competitions, which are grouped as per leagues, cups, regional cups, youth competitions etc. Here the competition is listed as per national cup competitions, following FA Cup (1871), Scottish Cup (1874), Welsh Cup (1877) and Irish Cup (1881).

References

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