50th Wisconsin Legislature

The Fiftieth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 11, 1911, to July 15, 1911, in regular session, and re-convened in a special session from April 30, 1912, to May 6, 1912.[1] During this term, legislative business was largely held in the north wing of the Wisconsin State Capitol, which was the only part of the capitol to remain intact after the 1904 fire.[2]

50th Wisconsin Legislature
49th 51st
Wisconsin State Capitol under reconstruction after the 1904 fire
Overview
Legislative bodyWisconsin Legislature
Meeting placeWisconsin State Capitol
TermJanuary 2, 1911 – January 6, 1913
ElectionNovember 8, 1910
Senate
Members33
Senate PresidentThomas Morris (R)
President pro temporeHarry C. Martin (R)
Party controlRepublican
Assembly
Members100
Assembly SpeakerC. A. Ingram (R)
Party controlRepublican
Sessions
1stJanuary 11, 1911 – July 15, 1911
Special sessions
Apr. 1912 Spec.April 30, 1912 – May 6, 1912

This session was notable for the implementation of Wisconsin's first income tax—the first income tax in the United States.

This session was also the high water mark for the Social Democratic Party in Wisconsin, representing 12 of Milwaukee County's 16 districts in the Assembly, and 2 of Milwaukee County's 5 Senate districts.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1910. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 3, 1908.[1]

Major events

edit

Major legislation

edit
  • March 2, 1911: An Act to provide for the nomination of judicial officers in the counties having a population of over one hundred thousand inhabitants by a non-partisan primary election, 1911 Act 4.
  • April 29, 1911: An Act to create sections 1408a to 1408d, inclusive, of the statutes, relating to the prevention and control of dangerous communicable diseases, 1911 Act 44. Gave additional powers and responsibilities to state and local public health officials.
  • May 3, 1911: An Act ... relating to the liability of employers for injuries or death sustained by their employees, providing for compensation for the accidental injury or death of employees, establishing an industrial accident board, defining its powers, providing for a review of its awards, and making an appropriation to carry out the provisions of this act, 1911 Act 50.
  • June 5, 1911: An Act to amend section 12 of the statutes, extending the right of suffrage to women, 1911 Act 227.
  • June 30, 1911: An Act ... creating an industrial commission, transferring to such commission the powers and duties of the commissioner of labor and the bureau of labor and industrial statistics, and superseding the industrial accident board created by chapter 50, of the laws of 1911, and granting such commission certain other powers, and providing for safe and hygienic conditions, and making an appropriation therefor ..., 1911 Act 485. Created the Wisconsin Industrial Commission.
  • July 13, 1911: An Act ... relating to taxation of incomes, and making an appropriation therefor, 1911 Act 658. Created Wisconsin's first income tax—the first income tax in the United States.
  • July 15, 1911: An Act to repeal sections 9, 10 and 11 of the statutes, and to create three new sections to be designated sections 9, 10 and 11 of the statutes, relating to re-apportionment of the state into senate, assembly and congressional districts, 1911 Act 661.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 10, article VII, of the constitution, relating to the salary of judges, 1911 Joint Resolution 24. Second legislative passage of the proposed amendment to the state constitution to give the Legislature the power to set judicial salaries and pay schedules. This amendment was ratified by voters in the 1912 Fall election.
  • Joint Amendment ratifying the sixteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States, 1911 Joint Resolution 25.
  • Joint Resolution memorializing Congress to take proper steps for the adoption of an amendment to the federal Constitution providing that such Constitution may hereafter be amended by the initiative, 1911 Joint Resolution 29. Called for a federal constitutional amendment to allow future amendments to be initiated by citizen petition.
  • Joint Resolution memorializing Congress to take proper steps toward a Constitutional amendment providing for initiative, referendum, and recall, 1911 Joint Resolution 30. Called for a federal constitutional amendment to allow legislation to be initiated by petition, and for federal officials to be recalled by petition.
  • Joint Resolution to amend article XI of the constitution, by adding thereto a new section to be known as section 3b, relating to the acquisition of land by municipalities, 1911 Joint Resolution 37. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to expand powers of municipalities to purchase land, and delegating to the Legislature the power to set parameters around these powers.
  • Joint Resolution to amend Article XIII of the Constitution providing for the recall of public officers, 1911 Joint Resolution 41. Proposed a constitutional amendment to allow citizen petitions for recall of state elected officials.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 3 of article XI of the Constitution, relating to municipal corporations and their indebtedness, 1911 Joint Resolution 42. Second legislative passage of the proposed amendment to the state constitution to allow municipalities to exceed debt limits for the purpose of buying land for public improvements. This amendment was ratified by voters in the 1912 Fall election.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 10 of article VIII of the constitution, relating to internal improvements, 1911 Joint Resolution 47. This was a second attempt at to propose an amendment to the state constitution to authorize state funding for certain public improvements after the previous amendment was rejected by voters in 1910. This amendment was ratified by voters in the 1912 Fall election.
  • Joint Resolution to amend article XI of the constitution by adding thereto a new section to be known as section 3a, relating to the acquisition of lands by the state or pay of its cities for certain public purposes, 1911 Joint Resolution 48. Second legislative passage of a proposed amendment to the state constitution to allow municipalities to purchase land for public improvements. This amendment was ratified by voters in the 1912 Fall election.
  • Joint Resolution to add section 13, to article VIII, of the constitution, relating to state insurance, 1911 Joint Resolution 56. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to enable the state to grant insurance by methods to be prescribed in legislation.
  • Joint Resolution to create seetion 11 of article VIII of the Constitution, relating to state insurance, 1911 Joint Resolution 65. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to enable the state to set up insurance and annuities by methods prescribed in legislation.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 21, of article IV, of the constitution, relating to compensation of members of the legislature, 1911 Joint Resolution 66. This was another attempt to raise the compensation of state legislators after the previous attempt was rejected by voters in 1910.
  • Joint Resolution to amend sections 6 and 7, of article VII, of the constitution of the state of Wisconsin, relating to circuit judges, 1911 Joint Resolution 67. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to grant the Legislature the option to decrease the number of circuits in the Wisconsin circuit court system.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 1, article XII of the constitution, providing for the submission of amendments to the constitution by the legislature upon a three-fifths vote of the members elected, 1911 Joint Resolution 71. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to allow a fast track for future amendments if they clear a 60% threshold in the Legislature.
  • Joint Resolution to amend section 1, of article IV of the constitution, to give to the people the power to propose laws and to enact or reject the same at the polls, and to approve or reject at the polls any act of the legislature; and to create section 3, of article XII of the constitution, providing for the submission of amendments to the constitution upon the petition of the people, 1911 Joint Resolution 74. Proposed an amendment to the state constitution to allow citizens to propose or reject legislation by petition and referendum.
  • May 6, 1912: An Act to create sections 35–20 to 35–24, inclusive, of the statutes, providing for nonpartisan nominations and elections in cities, 1912 Special Session Act 11. Extended the nonpartisan primary system to local offices.
  • May 6, 1912: An Act to amend sections 94–20, 94–21 and 94–22 of the statutes, relating to elections, 1912 Special Session Act 11. Establishing filing deadlines for candidates seeking office respecting new primary schedules.

Party summary

edit

Senate summary

edit
 
Senate partisan composition
  Democratic: 4 seats
  Social Dem.: 2 seats
  Republican: 27 seats
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Dem. S.D. Rep. Vacant
End of previous Legislature 4 1 28 33 0
Start of 1st Session 4 2 27 33 0
From December 21, 1911[note 1] 26 32 1
Final voting share 18.75% 81.25%
Beginning of the next Legislature 7 1 25 33 0

Assembly summary

edit
 
Assembly partisan composition
  Democratic: 29 seats
  Social Dem.: 12 seats
  Republican: 59 seats
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Dem. S.D. Rep. Vacant
End of previous Legislature 17 3 79 99 1
Start of 1st Session 29 12 59 100 0
Final voting share 41% 59%
Beginning of the next Legislature 35 6 59 100 0

Sessions

edit
  • 1st Regular session: January 11, 1911 – July 15, 1911
  • April 1912 Special session: April 30, 1912 – May 6, 1912

Leaders

edit

Senate leadership

edit

Assembly leadership

edit

Members

edit

Members of the Senate

edit

Members of the Senate for the Fiftieth Wisconsin Legislature:[3]

Dist. Counties Senator Residence Party
01 Door, Kewaunee, & Marinette M. W. Perry Algoma Rep.
02 Brown & Oconto Timothy Burke Green Bay Rep.
03 Kenosha & Racine Isaac T. Bishop Somers Rep.
04 Milwaukee (Northern Part) Henry Bodenstab Milwaukee Rep.
05 Milwaukee (City Center) George J. Weigle Milwaukee Rep.
06 Milwaukee (City Northwest) Winfield R. Gaylord Milwaukee Soc.D.
07 Milwaukee (Southern & Western County) Gabriel Zophy Milwaukee Soc.D.
08 Milwaukee (City South) John C. Kleczka Milwaukee Rep.
09 Adams, Marquette, Waushara, & Wood Edward F. Kileen Wautoma Rep.
10 Pierce & St. Croix Walter C. Owen Maiden Rock Rep.
11 Burnett, Douglas, & Polk Victor Linley Superior Rep.
12 Ashland, Bayfield, Price, Sawyer, Taylor, & Washburn Albert W. Sanborn Ashland Rep.
13 Dodge Paul O. Husting Mayville Dem.
14 Outagamie & Shawano J. Elmer Lehr Appleton Rep.
15 Calumet & Manitowoc Samuel W. Randolph Manitowoc Dem.
16 Crawford & Grant John J. Blaine Boscobel Rep.
17 Green, Iowa, & Lafayette Harry C. Martin Darlington Rep.
18 Fond du Lac & Green Lake Edward H. Lyons Fond du Lac Rep.
19 Winnebago Merritt F. White Winneconne Rep.
20 Ozaukee & Sheboygan Henry Krumrey Plymouth Rep.
21 Portage & Waupaca Edward E. Browne Waupaca Rep.
22 Rock John M. Whitehead Janesville Rep.
23 Jefferson & Walworth Charles A. Snover Fort Atkinson Dem.
24 Chippewa, Eau Claire, & Rusk John W. Thomas Chippewa Falls Rep.
25 Clark & Marathon W. W. Albers Wausau Dem.
26 Dane John S. Donald Mount Horeb Rep.
27 Columbia & Sauk John M. True Baraboo Rep.
28 Richland, & Vernon David G. James Richland Center Rep.
29 Barron, Buffalo, Dunn, & Pepin George E. Scott Prairie Farm Rep.
30 Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, & Vilas James A. Wright (died December 21, 1911) Merrill Rep.
--Vacant from December 21, 1911--
31 Jackson, Juneau, & Monroe Howard Teasdale Sparta Rep.
32 La Crosse & Trempealeau Otto Bosshard La Crosse Rep.
33 Washington & Waukesha George E. Hoyt Menomonee Falls Rep.

Members of the Assembly

edit

Members of the Assembly for the Fiftieth Wisconsin Legislature:[3]

Senate
District
County Dist. Representative Party Residence
09 Adams & Marquette George W. Bingham Rep. Friendship
12 Ashland Ove H. Berg Rep. Ashland
29 Barron Andrew Gulickson Rep. Stanley
12 Bayfield, Sawyer, & Washburn William Knight Rep. Bayfield
02 Brown 1 E. A. Raymond Rep. Green Bay
2 Henry J. Janssen Dem. De Pere
29 Buffalo & Pepin C. A. Ingram Rep. Durand
11 Burnett & Polk Axel Johnson Rep. Apple River
15 Calumet Lewis Rupp Dem. Charlestown
24 Chippewa & Rusk 1 Thomas A. Roycraft Rep. Lafayette
2 Chris P. Ellingson Rep. Hawkins
25 Clark Fred W. Draper Rep. Loyal
27 Columbia 1 Andrew Stevenson Rep. Arlington
2 Elmer E. Haight Rep. Lowville
16 Crawford Albert H. Long Dem.
26 Dane 1 C. A. Harper Rep. Madison
2 Otto Onstad Rep. Christiana
3 Arthur H. Sholts Rep. Oregon
13 Dodge 1 Charles Lentz Dem. Herman
2 Henry E. Krueger Dem. Beaver Dam
01 Door Lewis L. Johnson Rep. Clay Banks
11 Douglas 1 James B. French Rep. Superior
2 Ray J. Nye Rep. Superior
29 Dunn James D. Millar Rep. Menomonie
24 Eau Claire 1 Julius C. Gilbertson Rep. Eau Claire
2 Taylor Frye Rep. Fairchild
30 Florence, Forest, & Langlade William Reader Rep. Peck
18 Fond du Lac 1 Christian Pickart Dem. Marshfield
2 Roy E. Reed Rep. Ripon
16 Grant 1 Allen Wells Rep.
2 David Schreiner Rep. Lancaster
17 Green Willis Ludlow Dem. Monroe
18 Green Lake Newcomb Spoor Rep. Berlin
17 Iowa Thomas M. Evans Dem. Highland
30 Iron, Oneida, & Vilas Daniel B. Stevens Rep. Rhinelander
31 Jackson Merlin Hull Rep. Black River Falls
23 Jefferson 1 C. F. Viebahn Dem. Watertown
2 Oscar F. Roessler Dem. Jefferson
31 Juneau H. J. Mortensen Rep. New Lisbon
03 Kenosha Mathias J. Scholey Dem. Kenosha
01 Kewaunee August Fenske Dem. Ahnapee
32 La Crosse 1 John E. McConnell Rep. La Crosse
2 E. J. Kneen Dem. Bangor
17 Lafayette Eugene D. Parkinson Dem. Fayette
30 Lincoln John O'Day Dem. Merrill
15 Manitowoc 1 Carl Hansen Dem. Manitowoc
2 Anton D. Strouf Dem. Kossuth
25 Marathon 1 Nicholas Schmidt Dem. Marathon City
2 Arthur J. Plowman Dem. Elderon
01 Marinette 1 Christ Johnson Rep. Marinette
2 E. O. Thomas Rep. Peshtigo
04 Milwaukee 1 Erich C. Stern Rep. Milwaukee
05 2 W. J. Gilboy Soc.D. Milwaukee
07 3 Frank Metcalfe Soc.D. Milwaukee
05 4 Carl H. Dorner Rep. Milwaukee
08 5 Jacob Hahn Soc.D. Milwaukee
05 6 Chauncey W. Yockey Rep. Milwaukee
07 7 Charles B. Perry Rep. Wauwatosa
08 8 James Vint Soc.D. Milwaukee
06 9 Edmund J. Berner Soc.D. Milwaukee
10 Arthur Kahn Soc.D. Milwaukee
08 11 Frederick Brockhausen Soc.D. Milwaukee
06 12 Max E. Binner Soc.D. Milwaukee
04 13 George Klenzendorff Soc.D. Milwaukee
07 14 Michael Katzban Soc.D. Milwaukee
04 15 Edward H. Kiefer Soc.D. Milwaukee
06 16 Frank J. Weber Soc.D. Milwaukee
31 Monroe John R. Jones Rep. Leon
02 Oconto Robert Hintz Rep. Underhill
14 Outagamie 1 Clinton B. Ballard Rep. Grand Chute
2 William M. Rohan Dem. Buchanan
20 Ozaukee William J. Bichler Dem. Belgium
10 Pierce William A. Kay Rep. Martell
21 Portage Orestes A. Crowell Rep. Almond
12 Price & Taylor Elias L. Urquhart Rep. Medford
03 Racine 1 William H. Bell Rep. Racine
2 John H. Kamper Rep. Raymond
28 Richland Chris Monson Rep. Akan
22 Rock 1 Lewis E. Gettle Rep. Edgerton
2 Grant U. Fisher Rep. Janesville
3 Simon Smith Rep. Beloit
27 Sauk 1 John R. Hofstatter Dem. Baraboo
2 Albert O. Sorge Dem. Reedsburg
14 Shawano Thomas J. Mahon Rep. Birnamwood
20 Sheboygan 1 Otto B. Joerns Dem. Sheboygan
2 Otto A. La Budde Dem. Elkhart Lake
10 St. Croix Andrew P. Kealy Dem. Hammond
32 Trempealeau Peter Nelton Dem. Chimney Rock
28 Vernon Lawrence Grimsrud Rep. Westby
23 Walworth S. Clayton Goff Rep. Elkhorn
33 Washington Henry V. Schwalbach Dem. Germantown
Waukesha 1 Laurel E. Youmans Rep. Mukwonago
2 Phil H. Jones Rep. Delafield
21 Waupaca 1 Andrew R. Potts Rep. Dayton
2 Otto L. Olen Rep. Clintonville
09 Waushara Michael O'Connor Rep. Hancock
19 Winnebago 1 Robert L. Clark Rep. Oshkosh
2 Julius H. Dennhardt Rep. Neenah
3 Wilbur E. Hurlbut Rep. Oshkosh
09 Wood William E. Wheelan Dem. Grand Rapids

Committees

edit

Senate committees

edit
  • Senate Standing Committee on Corporations – W. C. Owen, chair
  • Senate Standing Committee on Education and Public Welfare – J. S. Donald, chair
  • Senate Standing Committee on Finance – A. W. Sanborn, chair
  • Senate Standing Committee on the Judiciary – J. J. Blaine, chair
  • Senate Standing Committee on Legislative Procedure – H. C. Martin, chair
  • Senate Standing Committee on State Affairs – H. Krumrey, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Banking – W. C. Owen, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Education – J. S. Donald, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Good Roads – J. S. Donald, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Income Tax – J. C. Kleczka, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Industrial Insurance – A. W. Sanborn, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Memorial Park at Camp Randall – D. G. James, chair
  • Senate Special Committee on Water Power, Forestry, and Drainage – P. O. Husting, chair

Assembly committees

edit
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Agriculture – A. Johnson, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Agricultural Exhibitions – M. O'Connor, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Banks – O. A. Crowell, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on the Capitol – C. J. Johnson, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Charitable and Penal Institutions – C. B. Ballard, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Cities – E. C. Stern, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on City Living Conditions – C. A. Harper, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Commerce and Manufactures – D. B. Stevens, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Conservation – J. H. Kamper, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Constitutional Amendment – L. E. Gettle, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on County Living Conditions – T. J. Mahon, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Counties – W. Reader, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Courts and Procedure – H. J. Mortensen, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Education – C. F. Viebahn, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Elections – T. A. Roycraft, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Engrossed Bills – R. Reed, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Enrolled Bills – W. E. Hurlbut, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Excise and Fees – M. Hull, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Express, Telegraph, and Telephone – O. Onstad, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Fish and Game – E. L. Urquhart, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Highways – J. R. Jones, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Insurance – L. L. Johnson, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on the Judiciary – E. McConnell, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Labor and Labor Conditions – W. H. Bell, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Legislative Procedure – C. A. Ingram, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Libraries – J. C. Gilbertson, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Military Affairs – S. Smith, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on National and Interstate Relations – O. L. Olen, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Parks, Play Grounds, and City Planning – G. W. Bingham, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Printing – D. Schreiner, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Public Health and Sanitation – L. E. Youmans, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Purity of Commodities – G. U. Fisher, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on State and Economic Betterment – W. A. Kay, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Taxation – E. E. Haight, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Third Reading – T. Frye, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Towns and Villages – P. H. Jones, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Transportation – A. V. Wells, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Vocational Education – C. H. Dorner, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Welfare of Women and Children – S. C. Goff, chair
  • Assembly Standing Committee on Workmen's Compensation – R. L. Clark, chair

Joint committees

edit
  • Joint Committee on Finance – R. J. Nye (Asm.)
  • Joint Committee on Revision – O. H. Berg (Asm.)

Employees

edit

Senate employees

edit
  • Chief Clerk: Fred M. Wylie[4]
    • Journal Clerk: J. L. Schnitzler
      • Assistant Journal Clerk: John Meili
    • Bookkeeper: John M. Bessey
      • Assistant Bookkeeper: H. E. Blackman
    • Engrossing Clerk: A. C. Tretow
      • Assistant Engrossing Clerks:
        • G. D. Theleen
        • R. E. Gordon
    • Enrolling Clerk: Elmer Trickey
      • Assistant Enrolling Clerks:
        • C. E. Mullen
        • J. E. Schunck
    • Index Clerk: C. W. Rhodes
    • Clerk of the Committee on Corporations: A. J. Nelson
    • Clerk of the Committee on Education and Public Welfare: R. H. Hillyer
    • Clerk of the Committee on Finance: Albert W. Orr
    • Clerk of the Committee on the Judiciary: F. W. Spencer
    • Clerk of the Committee on State Affairs: March Polk
  • Sergeant-at-Arms: Charles A. Leicht
    • Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: William A. Powell
    • Document Clerk: Elmer A. Pierce
    • Day Police: E. P. Mahoney
    • Night Police: William Mackmiller
    • Laborer: A. R. Oates
  • Postmaster: D. E. Williams

Assembly employees

edit
  • Chief Clerk: C. E. Shaffer[4]
    • Journal Clerk: W. W. Jones
    • Bookkeeper: W. J. Goldschmidt
      • Assistant Bookkeeper: J. C. Hawker
    • General Clerks:
      • L. M. Shearer
      • E. V. Nevins
    • Index Clerk: A. H. Heidner
    • Proofreaders and Enrolling Clerks:
      • R. E. Van Matre
      • Jos. H. Blied
    • Engrossing Clerk: L. B. Webster
  • Sergeant-at-Arms: William S. Irvine
    • Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms: Olaf Goldstrand
    • Document Room Custodian: J. W. Bathgate
      • Assistant Document Room Custodian: J. J. Ruble
    • Police:
      • E. F. Wright
      • L. Longbotham
      • O. O. Owen
    • Cloak Room Attendant: Martin Olson
    • Laborer: A. Mieskothe
    • Night Watch: E. C. Cady
  • Postmaster: W. A. Mayhew
    • Post Office Messenger: J. Hembre

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Republican James A. Wright (30th District) died December 21, 1911.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Barish, Lawrence S.; Lemanski, Lynn, eds. (2021). "Historical Lists" (PDF). State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2021–2022 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. pp. 467, 471, 474, 479–480. ISBN 978-1-7333817-1-0. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  2. ^ Janik, Erika (February 27, 2017). "1904 Fire Gutted Capitol, Nearly Cost Madison State Capitol". Wisconsin Public Radio. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Beck, J.D., ed. (1911). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). State of Wisconsin. pp. 725–786. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Beck, J.D., ed. (1911). "Legislative Officers and Committees". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). State of Wisconsin. pp. 350–353. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
edit