The Chicago mayoral election of 1885 saw Democratic incumbent Carter Harrison Sr. win an unprecedented fourth term, receiving a majority of voter and narrowly defeating Republican Sidney Smith by a less than half-percent margin of victory.
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Campaign
editDemocratic Mayor Harrison was challenged by Republican challenger, Sidney Smith, a judge of the Superior Court of Cook County.[3] Before being nominated at the city's Republican convention, Smith had declared they would not actively seek to run and would only run if nominated by the Republican Party's convention.[4]
Republicans exploited controversies which had tarnished the image of Harrison's administration. Unsubstantiated allegations of voter fraud and patronage had been key controversies throughout his mayoralty.[5] In February 1885, a month before the election, a grand jury found Michael Cassius McDonald's right-hand man Joseph Mackin and others with connections to Harrison guilty of election fraud in the 1884 elections. Despite the fact that no personal wrongdoing on Harrison's part was involved in these charges, the charges against Mackin and others compounded with the preexisting rumors relating to Harrison to foster a public sentiment that challenged Harrison's popularity.[5][6] Citizens groups led by the city's elite forged a strong campaign effort against Harrison, taking advantage of the voter fraud charges against those connected to Harrison.[6] Harrison lost the support of many liberal German-American voters that had previously voted for him.[5]
Results
editHarrison narrowly won the election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Carter H. Harrison, Sr. (incumbent) | 43,352 | 50.09 | |
| Republican | Sidney Smith | 42,977 | 49.66 | |
| Prohibition | William Bush | 221 | 0.26 | |
| Turnout | 86,550 | |||
Less than 50% of the city's German-American population voted for Harrison.[5]
The Republican camp filed litigation in county court alleging that 360 illegal votes were cast for Harrison and 324 votes legally cast for Smith had not been counted, enough votes to sway the election.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Mayor Carter Henry Harrison III Biography".
- ^ Currey, Josiah Seymour (1912). Chicago: Its History and Its Builders, a Century of Marvelous Growth. S. J. Clarke publishing Company. p. 335.
- ^ "Judge Sidney Smith Why the Germans Would Support Him as a Candidate for Mayor". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Frei Presse. February 22, 1885. Retrieved March 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Judge Smith Declines". Chicago Tribune. March 10, 1885. Retrieved March 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864-97 Front Cover Richard Schneirov University of Illinois Press, 1998 (pages 166-67)
- ^ a b Miller, Donald L. (2014). City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. Rosetta Books. p. 731. ISBN 978-0-7953-3985-1. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1912. Chicago Daily News, Incorporated. 1911. p. 464. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ^ "The Contest". Chicago Tribune. June 25, 1885. Retrieved March 25, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.