Koodiyattam

Koodiyattam

waa balibu, performing arts genre

Tiŋa	India
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00010

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Lua error in Module:Find_sources at line 48: attempt to index local 'links' (a boolean value). (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Koodiyattam (Tɛmplet:Lang-ml; IAST: kūṭiyāṭṭaṁ; Tɛmplet:Literally) nyɛla kali dɛma ka bɛ dɛmdi li Kerala, India. Di laɣim la nadaa Sanskrit theatre mini Koothu, nadaa dɛma din yina Sangam era. UNESCO zaŋli mi m-pahi Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity ni.^[1][2]

Koodiyattam, gbunni nyɛla "kpɛrigu kpɛribu balibu laɣimbu" Malayalam tiŋgbani ni, di laɣim la Sanskrit tiyaata dɛma ni koothu. Bɛ tooi niŋdi li mi "temple theatres" ni ka bɛ lahi booni li koothambalams. Di ko n-nyɛ kpɛrigu din mali nadaa dɛma din yina "Sanskrit theatre". Di malila yuun tuhili taarihi din sabi Kerala, amaa bɛ mi di ni pili shɛli. Koodiyattam mini Chakyar koothu daa be waa kpɛrigu jɛma din daa niŋdi nadaa India zolona ni, di bahi bahindi Kerala. Koodiyattam mini Chakyar koothu zaa pilimi ni nadaa koothu, din yuli boli bubɔbigu Sangam kundu ni, ni sabbu din sabi tabili dikpuna kamani Pallava, Pandiyan, Chera, n-ti pahi Chola saha. Sabbu nima din yɛri jundirk koothu nyɛla din be Tanjore, Tiruvidaimaruthur, Vedaranyam, Tiruvarur, n-ti pahi Omampuliyur. Di daa nyɛla din pahi jɛma ni, n-ti tabili Tevaram mini Prabandam Adiini jɛma yila yilibu.^{[citation needed]}

Nada nanima nyɛla bɛ ni kali shɛba m-pahi ban sabili sɔŋ puuni. Shɛhira bɛni ni daa be Chola mini Pallava saha. Pallava naa ŋun yuli daa booni Rajasimha da nyɛla ŋun daa niŋ kpaŋmaŋa ni Kailasodharanam kpɛrigu sabbu Tamil, din daa nyɛ Ravana lahabali kpana.

Dihitabili bɛnimi ni Kulasekhara Varma, Chera Perumal tiŋgbani dana,labimi n taɣi koodiyattam, ka zaŋ Vidusaka balli n kpɛhi dini ka che ka di ni dɛm di shɛm labi pɛ taba. O maŋmaŋa sabi la dɛma dibaa ayi, Subhadradhananjayam mini Tapatisamvarana ka mali shili ni di zaŋ wuhi salo.steeji zuɣu o Brahmin zo (Thozhan) sɔŋsim puunk. Bɛ na dɛmdi lala dɛma ŋɔ. Din bɔŋɔ nyaaŋa, dɛma din lahi dɛmdi ni kali n-nyɛ Ascaryacudamani din dɛmdi Saktibhadra, Kalyanasaugandhika din dɛmdi Nilakantha, Bhagavadajjuka din dɛmdi Bodhayana, Nagananda din Harsa, ka dɛma pam jɛndi Bhasa, n-ti tabil Abhiseka mini Pratima.

Kali ni, bɛ ni ŋmɛri binkumdi shɛli koodiyattam ni nyɛla mizhavu, kuzhitalam, edakka, kurumkuzhal, n-ti pahi sankhu. Mizhavu maa, din mali jilima di zaa ni, nyɛla binkumda din nyɛ nuu kparisibu ka ninvuɣi so ŋun yina Ambalavas Nambiar caste, ŋmɛr li ka Nangyaramma ŋmɛri kuzhithalam n doli li ( "cymbal" balishɛli).

Kali ni, koodiyattam nyɛla Chakyars dɛma (Kerala Hindus balishɛli) n-ti pahi Nangyaramma ( Ambalavasi Nambiar caste paɣaba). Di yuli ŋɔ, "koodiyattam", gbunni nyɛla laɣim dɛm, di tɛha chaŋmi ti gbaai kpɛrikpɛritiba laɣim dɛm steeji zuɣu ka ŋmɛri mizhavu dala ka di kumsi luri doli taba. Lala n lahi nyɛli, di ni tooi lahi nyɛ shɛhira n zaŋ ti Sanskrit kpɛrigu, di ni daa niŋ ka so.ti pahi kpɛrikɛrita ŋun daa dɛmdi o ko zuɣu.^[3]

Kpɛrikpɛrita zuɣu maa n-nyɛ Chakyar ŋun niŋdi koothu mini koodiyattam zolɔŋ maa ni be koothambalam. Chakyar paɣaba, Illotammas, nyɛla bɛ ni ti shɛba soli ka bɛ pahiri din ni. Din nyaaŋa, Nangyaramma n tumdi paɣaba tuma. Koodiyattam dɛma tooi niŋdi la zaɣi waɣinli ni nineesim, di niŋdi la kamani hawa pia ni ayi mini hawa kɔbigu ni pihinu sunsuuni (12 to 150 hours) ka bɛ niŋdi li yuŋ bɔbigu. Koodiyattam din nyɛ zaɣ'pali niŋdi la yaɣa dibaa ata. Di tuuli dini n-nyɛ purappadu, dini ka kpɛrikpɛrita yiini yilli ni nritta waa. Din doli li n-nyɛ nirvahanam, din ni ka kpɛrikpɛrita mali abhinaya, n zaani tiri kpɛrigu maa ni tɔɣisiri jɛndiri shɛli. Ka naan yi che nirvahanam, ka di mi tiri ban wumdi maa lahabali zaŋ jɛndi kpɛrigu maa ni pili shɛli. Kpɛrigu maa kpalinkpaa yaɣili n-nyɛ koodiyattam, dini n-nyɛ dɛma maa maŋmaŋa. D ni niŋ ka tuuli kpɛriti maa za di naba zuɣu maa, koodiyattam ni tooi mali kpɛrikpɛritiba pam ka bɛ dɛmdi steeji zuɣu.^[4]

Chakyar ninkura mali la kali ŋɔ n wuhiri zaɣi pola. Chakyars ko n daa niŋdi li zaŋ na hali ni 1950s. Yuuni 1955, Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar daa niŋ Kutiyattam zolɔŋ maa nyaaŋa tuuni,^[5] ka yɛlimuɣisira pam daa paagi o Chakyar tiŋgbani ni. O.maŋmaŋa yɛltɔɣa puuni:

N niriba maŋmaŋa daa galim la n niŋsim maa (n niŋ Koothu mini Kutiyattam zolona maa nyaaŋa), yaha, n ni daa dɛm Vaikkom nyaaŋa, bɛ daa zahindi ma mi yihibu. N suhu yuya ni lala kpɛrigu ŋɔ niŋ nyɛvuli. Di ni n daa che ka n niŋli zolɔŋ maa nyaaŋa.^[6]

Yuuni 1962, "art" mini Sanskrit baŋda V sulinsi ni. Raghavan, Sanskrit Ranga ŋun daa yina Madras daa gahi nuu boli Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar ni o ti dɛm koodiyattam m, Chennai. Taarihi ni dini n daa nyɛ tuuli ka koodiyattam dɛm yi Kerala.^[7][8] Bɛ daa niŋla koodiyattam yuŋ dibaa ata ka dɛm Abhiṣeka, Subhadrādhanañjaya n-ti pahi Nāgānda.^[9]

1960s piligu Maria Christoffer Byrski, Polish shikurubila ŋun daa niŋdi o vihigu Indian tiyaata nima ni Banaras Hindu University, daa bɔhim la koodiyattam ni Mani Madhava Chakyar ka nyɛ tuuli nira ŋun pa Chakyar/nambiar ka bɔhim li. O daa be la Guru yiŋa Killikkurussimangalam ka bɔhim ka bɔhim kali Gurukula.^{[citation needed]}

• Mani Madhava Chakyar^[10]
• Ammannur Madhava Chakyar, 1980sŋun daa niŋ tuuli koodiyattam dɛmdiba ni puuni yino ka zaŋ o "art" n wuhi tiŋ'duya nima.
• Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar, yuuni1981 ŋun daa tuui be Guru din be Margi, tuuli tuma duzuɣu din kpaŋsiri Kerala.kaya ni taɣada. O mabia n daa nyɛ Ammannur Madhava Chakyar.
• Mani Damodara Chakyar, ŋun nyɛ Mani Madhava Chakkiar's tumo, o lahi nyɛla ŋun dɛ koodiyattams.

Koodiyattam daa nyɛla kali bingahidili din mali dini niŋdi luɣ'shɛli ka bɛ booni li koothambalams ka di be Hindu zolɔna ni ka Hindu nima ko n daa nyɛ ban mi di sheei. Yaha, bɛ ni tooi niŋli biɛɣu pihinahi.^[11] UNESCO ŋmɛ la kuŋ ti ni koodiyattam tuma duzuŋuri mini gurukalams ni bɛ zaŋli n wuhi bihi ban doli na ka bɔ wumdiba pam n-ti li karim baŋsim vihigu nyaaŋa. Natanakairali din be Irinjalakuda nyɛla tuma duzuɣuri puuni yini din yaa jɛndi koodiyattam labi neei. Margi Theatre Group din be Thiruvananthapuram gba nyɛla laɣingu din yaa jɛndi kathakali labi neei mini koodiyattom din be Kerala.^[12] Yaha, Nepathya gba nyɛla tuma duzuɣu din kpaŋsiri koodiyattam ni Moozhikkulam "art" binyɛra.^[13] Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy zaŋ ti Binkumda, Waa ni kpɛrigu, ti la Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, pini din nɛ zaɣi titali kpɛrigu puuni, kutiyattam yiliyiiniba kamani Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri (2007), Painkulam Raman Chakyar (2010) n-ti pahi Painkulam Damodara Chakyar (2012) n-nyɛ ban deei li.^[14]

• Margi Sathi
• Arts of Kerala
• Mohiniyattam
• Thulall
• Parayan Thullal
• Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar

• Chakiar, Mani Madhava (1975), Nātyakalpadrumam, Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi
• Raja, Kunjunni (1964), An Introduction to Kutiyattam, Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi
• Kavalam N. Panikar (1994), Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work, Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi

• Natyakalpadruma (1975), a Kerala Sahitya Academy Award-winning book on Koodiyattam written by Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar, considered authoritative by scholars.
• The Nātya Shāstra, an ancient work of dramatic theory where Bharata Muni describes the Sanskrit theatre of the Gupta Empire; Koodiyattam is believed to preserve some aspects of the performance style of that period.
• Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikeshvara, another work of dramatic theory comparable to the Nātya Shāstra.
• Farley Richmond, Kutiyattam: Sanskrit Theater of India (University of Michigan Press, 2002). CD-ROM featuring videos and text.
• Rajendran C, "The Traditional Sanskrit Theatre of Kerala" (University of Calicut,1989)
• Virginie Johan, "Kuttu-Kutiyattam : théâtres classiques du Kerala". Revue d’histoire du théâtre 216, 2002-4: 365–382.
• Virginie Johan, "Pour un théâtre des yeux : l’exemple indien". Coulisses 33, 2006 : 259–274.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koodiyattam.

• Wikiquote:Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar/Kutiyattam
• Kudiyattam: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Living Sanskrit Theater of Kerala
• Shulman, David (24 November 2012), "Creating and Destroying the Universe in Twenty-Nine Nights", The New York Review of Books

Tɛmplet:Culture of Kerala Tɛmplet:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music