腹主动脉

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腹主动脉
主动脉各个分段，其中腹主动脉分为肾上腹动脉和肾下动脉。
腹主动脉及其支动脉
基本信息
來源	胸主动脉
分支	腹腔动脉, 上腸繫膜動脈（英语：Superior mesenteric artery）, 下腸繫膜動脈（英语：Inferior mesenteric artery）, 髂总动脉（英语：Common iliac artery）, 性腺动脉, 薦中動脈
静脉	下腔靜脈
标识字符
拉丁文	aorta abdominali, pars abdominalis aortae
MeSH	D001012
TA98	A12.2.12.001
TA2	4205
FMA	FMA:3789
格雷氏	p.602
《解剖學術語》 [在维基数据上编辑]

腹主动脉（英語：abdominal aorta）是人体腹腔中最大的动脉。它是主动脉的腹腔部分，由胸主动脉（thoracic aorta）穿过主动脉裂孔（英语：Aortic hiatus）延伸而来。

腹主动脉自T12锥体开始，随后分为多个分支，供应腹部和骨盆器官，最后在第4腰椎下缘分为左、右髂总动脉（英语：Common iliac artery）的两支。^[1]

腹主动脉起始于膈肌水平，由主动脉裂孔穿过膈肌发出。准确地说，起始于膈肌之后第12胸椎的位置。^[1]随后沿腹部后壁向下，位于脊柱前侧，跟随腰椎的曲线向前凸起，前凸的峰值位于第三腰椎（L3）水平。

腹主动脉位于下腔静脉的左侧，并与之平行。随着腹主动脉不断分支，其直径逐渐变小。由于持续的压力，第11肋位置的横截面长度约为122毫米，而宽度仅为55毫米。^[2]

临床上可将腹主动脉分为两个部分：

1. 肾上腹动脉（英語：suprarenal abdominal segment）或腹腔动脉（英語：paravisceral segment），位于膈肌之下、肾动脉之上。
2. 肾下动脉（英語：Infrarenal segment），位于肾动脉（英语：renal artery）之下，左、右髂总动脉两个分支之上。

腹主动脉始于T12，终于L4，并分叉为左右髂总动脉^[1] ，此外的分支还包括：

下腔静脉的汇合发生在L5（第五腰椎）位置，因此它的位置在主动脉分叉位置的下方。

The abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left of the midline of the body. It is covered, anteriorly, by the lesser omentum and stomach, behind which are the branches of the celiac artery and the celiac plexus; below these, by the lienal vein (splenic vein), are the pancreas, the left renal vein, the inferior part of the duodenum, the mesentery, and the aortic plexus.

Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins.

On the right side it is in relation above with the azygos vein, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the right crus of the diaphragm—the last separating it from the upper part of the inferior vena cava, and from the right celiac ganglion; the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below.

On the left side are the left crus of the diaphragm, the left celiac ganglion, the ascending part of the duodenum, and some coils of the small intestine.

The abdominal aorta's venous counterpart, the inferior vena cava (IVC), travels parallel to it on its right side.

• Above the level of the umbilicus, the aorta is somewhat posterior to the IVC, sending the right renal artery travelling behind it. The IVC likewise sends its opposite side counterpart, the left renal vein, crossing in front of the aorta.
• Below the level of the umbilicus, the situation is generally reversed, with the aorta sending its right common iliac artery to cross its opposite side counterpart (the left common iliac vein) anteriorly.

The collateral circulation would be carried on by the anastomoses between the internal thoracic artery and the inferior epigastric artery; by the free communication between the superior and inferior mesenterics, if the ligature were placed between these vessels; or by the anastomosis between the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal pudendal artery, when (as is more common) the point of ligature is below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery; and possibly by the anastomoses of the lumbar arteries with the branches of the internal iliac artery.

• 
  Contrast enhanced MRA of the abdominal aorta demonstrating normal paired arteries.
• 
  The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed.
• 
  Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas.
• 
  CT scan showing the liver and a kidney
• 
  A transverse contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrating an abdominal aortic aneurysm of 4.8 by 3.8 cm
• 
  The standard aortic measurement on abdominal ultrasonography, such as used for abdominal aortic aneurysms, is between the outer margins of the aortic wall.^[3]
• 
  Abdominal aorta
• 
  Abdominal aorta ultrasound

• 心血管系统
• 胡桃夹综合征
• 主动脉腔静脉压迫综合症（英语：Aortocaval compression syndrome）

• UCC