GV (nerve agent)
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate
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| Other names
EA-5365
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C6H16FN2O2P | |
| Molar mass | 198.176 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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GV (IUPAC name: 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate), also known as EA-5365 and GP (USACC cryptonym), is an organophosphate nerve agent. GV is a part of a series of nerve agents with properties similar to the "G-series" and "V-series". It is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with properties similar to other nerve agents. GV is structurally a derivative of the nerve agent tabun, being closely structurally related to fluorotabun, differing from the latter by the replacement of a proton on the alpha carbon of the alkoxide group by a dimethylamino group and presenting a toxicity only lower than that of VX.[1][2]
Treatment for poisoning with GV involves drugs such as atropine, benactyzine, obidoxime, and HI-6.[3][4]
History
[edit]The GV agent was independently developed in the United States at the Edgewood Arsenal, under the code EA-5365, during the 1970s and in Czechoslovakia in 1983.[5][6]
In Czechoslovakia, it was given the internal cryptonym GV. The cryptonym 'GV' also encompasses a number of similar compounds, sharing the typical structure - probably candidates for the cryptonym.[7][8][9][10] In the United States, the compound is denoted by the cryptonym GP, belonging to the series of the same cryptonym.[7]
The GV compounds investigated at edgewood arsenal have a more diverse structure.[11][12] The purpose of developing the GV agent in the United States is not known for certain, but it may be related to the development program for a binary intermediate volatility agent (IVA).[13][14][15][16] Due to its tendency to polymerize and high water instability, the GV agent did not meet the requirements for an IVA agent and was replaced by a binary mixture of sarin and EA-1356.[17][18]
As GV-2, two substances are mentioned together, EA-5615 and EA-5636, with RA probably going to deanol or deanol plus base.[16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Holmstedt, Bo (1963), Koelle, George B. (ed.), "Structure-Activity Relationships of the Organophosphorus Anticholinesterase Agents", Cholinesterases and Anticholinesterase Agents, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol. 15, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 428–485, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-99875-1_9, ISBN 978-3-642-99877-5, retrieved 2025-03-11
- ^ Ellison, D. Hank (2008). Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0329-1.
- ^ Fusek J, Bajgar J (1994). "Treatment of intoxication with GV compound in laboratory rats". Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove. 37 (2): 57–62. PMID 7784799.
- ^ Kassa J, Bajgar J (1996). "Therapeutic efficacy of obidoxime or HI-6 with atropine against intoxication with some nerve agents in mice". Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 39 (1): 27–30. PMID 9106387.
- ^ Jiri Matousek; Ivan Masek. ON THE NEW GROUP OF POTENTIAL SUPER TOXIC LETHAL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS WITH INTERMEDIARY VOLATILITY. FacuIty of Chemistry, Technical University Brno
- ^ Jiri Bajgar, Josef Fusek and Frantisek Skopec. INTOXICATION WITH NERVE AGENT GV (2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL DIMETHYLAMlDO-PHOSPHONOFLUORlDATE) AND ITS TREATMENT. Department Toxicology, Military Medical Academy.
- ^ a b Jiri Matousek. NEW TOXIC AGENTS AND THE CONVENTION: New supertoxic lethal chemicals, their binary components and Schedule 1.
- ^ Ivan MAŠEK; Otakar Jiří MIKA; Zdeněk ŠAFAŘÍK. INTERESTING GROUP OF HIGH-TOXIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. THE SCIENCE FOR POPULATION PROTECTION 2/2015
- ^ Jiří BAJGAR; Josef FUSEK; František SKOPEC. FARMAKOLOGICKÁ A BIOCHIÇMICKÁ CNARAKTEMSTHŠA NĚKTERÝCH ÚČINKÚ VYSOCE TOXICKE NERVOVE PARALYTICKÉ LATKY GV. Vojenská lékařská akademie J. E. Purkyně, Hradec Králové
- ^ Jiří CABAL. Srovnáni' Vlastností Esterů Dialkylamidofluoryosforečné Kyseliny S Ostatními Fluororganofosfaty. Vojenská lékařská akademie JEP, Hradec Králové
- ^ James Y. King; H. Arthur Brown, Jr. ASPECTS OF PARTITION COEPFICIENT ESTIMATION IN AGENT RESEARCH.
- ^ Samuel, John B.; Penski, Elwin C.; Callahan, John J. "Physical Properties of Standard Agents, Candidate Agents, and Related Compounds at Several Temperatures". apps.dtic.mil. Archived from the original on 2025-02-02. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Joseph Scott Murphey. District. ARCHITECTURAL RECORDATION OF THE INTEGRATED BINARY PRODUCTION FACILITY, PINE BLUFF ARSENAL, ARKANSAS. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, CESWF-PER-EC, 2004
- ^ Rotblat, Joseph; Hellman, Sven, eds. (1985). "Nuclear Strategy and World Security". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17878-0. ISBN 978-0-333-39668-1.
- ^ Marine mammals. Hearings, Ninety-second Congress--first session. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1971. p. 304. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45688.
- ^ a b DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ANNUAL REPORT ON CHEMICAL WARFARE AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM. GPO-CRECB-1978-pt6-4-1. p 7482.[1]
- ^ Nikolai Antonov. Chemical Weapons at the Turn of the Century. 31 jan 1996. p 82.
- ^ Tucker, Jonathan (2007-12-18). War of Nerves: Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-307-43010-6.
External links
[edit]
- Harvey SP, Cheng TC (2002). "Identification, Purification, and Partial Characterization of the GV-Degrading Enzyme from ATCC # 29660 Alteromonas undina". Aberdeen Proving Ground: Edgewood. OCLC 74239874. Report ECBC-TR-229. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
- Bajgar J (1998). "Some Toxic Chemicals as Potential Chemical Warfare Agents - The Threat for the Future?". ASA Newsletter. 1998 (6).
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