Melba Pattillo Beals

Melba Joy Pattillo Beals (amezaliwa Disemba 7, 1941) ni mharirina mtayarishaji wa Marekani ambaye ni mhusika wa Little Rock Nine, kikundi cha wanafunzi wa Kiafrika na Amerika ambao walikuwa wa kwanza kwa ujumuishaji wa rangi | unganisha Shule ya Upili ya Little Rock huko Little Rock, Arkansas.

Beals alikulia katika familia ambayo ilitanguliza elimu. Mama yake, Lois Marie Pattillo, alikuwa mmoja wa wahitimu wa kwanza mweusi wa University of Arkansas in 1954 ambaye amefanya kazi kama mwalimu wa kiingereza. Baba yake, Howell Pattillo, anafanya kazi Missouri Pacific Railroad. Beals' brother, Conrad S. Pattillo, served as U.S. Marshal of the Eastern District of Arkansas during the Clinton Administration|Clinton administration.^{[onesha uthibitisho]}

Main|Little Rock Nine Walihudhuria Mann Arts and Science Magnet Middle School|Horace Mann High School in Little Rock, an all-black high school, Patillo aligundua kuwa hakupata elimu bora sawa na wenzao katika Shule ya Upili ya Kati. Patillo kisha alijitolea kuhamia Shule ya Upili ya Wazungu na wanafunzi wengine wanane weusi kutoka Horace Mann na Shule ya Upili ya Dunbar Junior huko Little Rock.^[1]

Beals walihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la San Francisco, wakipata shahada ya kwanza. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamili ya uandishi wa habari kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia. Mnamo Mei 22, 2009, alipokea Shahada yake ya Udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha San Francisco. Siku hiyo iliashiria sherehe ya kuanza kwa mwaka ya 150 ya USF.

Beals' book Warriors Don't Cry kitabu kinachoonesha matukiao ya 1957 wakati wa mgogoro wa Little Rock, Kwa msingi wa shahada alizoweka wakati huo. Aliandika pia White is a State of Mind, which begins where Warriors left off.^[2] To date, Warriors Don't Cry continues to be a #1 Amazon bestseller in the "Prejudice Books for Teens & Young Adults" genre.^[3]

Mnamo 1959, NAACP ilimpa tuzo Spingarn Medal kwa Beals na kwa washiriki wengine wa Little Rock Nine, pamoja na kiongozi wa haki za raia Daisy , ambaye alikuwa ameshauri kikundi wakati wa mapambano yao huko Central High. Mnamo 1999, yeye na wale Tisa walipewa tuzo za juu zaidi ya raia, Congressional Gold Medal. Wengine mia tatu tu ndio wamepokea hii.^[4] Alifundisha wahariri Dominican University of California, hapa ndiye mwenyekiti anayeibuka wa idara ya mawasiliano.

Alipokuwa chuo kikuu, alikutana na John Beals, ambaye baadaye alimuoa. Walikuwa na binti mmoja, Kelli, na baadaye talaka. Karibu na 1992, Beals alipata watoto mapacha, Matthew na Evan.^[5][6] Beals resides in the San Francisco Bay Area

• Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry: A Searing Memoir of the Battle to Integrate Little Rock's Central High. New York: Pocket Books, 1994.
• Beals, Melba Pattillo. White Is a State of Mind: A Memoir. Putnam Adult, 1999.
• Beals, Melba Pattillo. March Forward, Girl: From Young Warrior to Little Rock Nine. HMH Books for Young Readers, 2018.
• Beals, Melba Pattillo. I Will Not Fear: My Story of a Lifetime of Building Faith under Fire. Revell, 2018.

• Booknotes interview with Melba Patillo Beals on Warriors Don't Cry, November 27, 1994,
• Warriors Don’t Cry: Connecting History, Literature, and Our Lives a teaching activity from the Zinn Education Project.