Eleuzinske misterije

Eleuzinske misterije (grčki: Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια) su bile inicijanske ceremonije koje su se svake godine održavale među poklonicama kulta grčkih boginja Demetre i Perzefone u Eleuzini. Predstavljaju najpoznatiji i najvažniji od svih misterijskih kultova u antici. Vjeruje se da su se Eleuzinske, kao i druge misterije, u Grčkoj pojavile za vrijeme mikenskog perioda (cca. 1800-1200. pne.)^[1] odnosno da su se ustalile oko 1500. pne.^[2] Neki naučnici, pak, tvrde da je kult predstavljao nastavak štovanja još drevnijih minojskih boginja.^[3] Taj je misterijski kult trajao dvije hiljade godina. Predstavljao je važan festival helenske ere, a kasnije je prihvaćen i u Rimu.^[4] Naziv grada Eleuzina predstavlja varijantu imenice έλευσις, éleusis, dolazak.

Obredi, ceremonije kao i sama vjerovanja kulta su održavana tajnima, a za inicijaciju se vjerovalo kako poklonika spaja s bogovima, donosi mu božanske moći i nagrade u zagrobnom životu.^[5] Postoje mnoge slike i grnčarija na kojima su prikazani neki detalji misterija. S obzirom da su oni uključivali vizije i zamišljanja zagrobnog svijeta, neki učenjaci vjeruju da su Eleuzinske misterije uključivale konzumaciju psihodeličnih tvari.^[6]

Izvori

↑ Newton, Joseph Fort, The Builders, 1915. Cf. p.24. "The Grecian or Eleusinian Mysteries, established 1800 BC, represented Demeter and Persephone, and depicted the death of Dionysus with stately ritual which led the neophyte from death into life and immortality"
↑ Cf. Mylonas, 1961, p.24. "Again, from legends we learn of the arrival of the Cult of Demeter at Eleusis in the fifteenth century [BC] --- an event that must of course have had a profound influence on the life and activities of the site
↑ Karl Kerenyi.Dionysos:Archetypal image of indestructible Life. part I iii The Cretan core of Dionysos myth.Princeton University Press 1976.p 89,90. Tvrdi se kako je Perzefona ispočetka bila neimenovana Gospodarica labirinta (potnia) koja se navodi u linearu B, (mikenski grčki) pločicama iz 1450-1400. pne. pronađenim u Knossosu na Kreti.
↑ Ouvaroff, M. (alternatively given as Sergei Semenovich Uvarov, or Sergey Uvarov, 1786-1855) (Translated from the French by J. D. Price) Essay on the Mysteries of Eleusis, London : Rodwell and Martin, 1817 (Reprint: USA: Kessinger Publishing, 2004). Ouvaroff does write that fixing the earliest foundation date to the Eleusinian Mysteries is fraught with problems.
↑ Tripolitis, Antonia. Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, November 2001. pp. 16–21.
↑ Wasson, R. Gordon, Ruck, Carl, Hofmann, A., The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.

Eksterni linkovi

A description Arhivirano 2006-01-25 na Wayback Machine-u of the Mysteries.
The Eleusinian Mysteries Arhivirano 2003-09-20 na Wayback Machine-u, Edward A. Beach.
The Eleusinian Mysteries, Thomas R. Martin, from An Overview of Classical Greek History from Homer to Alexander.
Images of Inscriptions about the Mysteries at Eleusis, Cornell University Library.
Foreword and first chapter from The Road to Eleusis Arhivirano 2012-12-14 na Wayback Machine-u R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, Carl A. P. Ruck
Rosicrucian Digest vol. 87 devoted entirely to the Eleusinian Mysteries

Moderna praksa

Ovdje su navedene paganske, neo-paganske i rekonstrukcionističke vjerske grupe koje nastoje održavati moderne verzije Eleuzinskih misterija za svoje čllanove. One uključuju:

Hellenion
Summerland Grove
Magickal Mystery Tours Arhivirano 2011-02-10 na Wayback Machine-u
Spring Mysteries Festival

[1] Newton, Joseph Fort, The Builders, 1915. Cf. p.24. "The Grecian or Eleusinian Mysteries, established 1800 BC, represented Demeter and Persephone, and depicted the death of Dionysus with stately ritual which led the neophyte from death into life and immortality"

[2] Cf. Mylonas, 1961, p.24. "Again, from legends we learn of the arrival of the Cult of Demeter at Eleusis in the fifteenth century [BC] --- an event that must of course have had a profound influence on the life and activities of the site

[3] Karl Kerenyi.Dionysos:Archetypal image of indestructible Life. part I iii The Cretan core of Dionysos myth.Princeton University Press 1976.p 89,90. Tvrdi se kako je Perzefona ispočetka bila neimenovana Gospodarica labirinta (potnia) koja se navodi u linearu B, (mikenski grčki) pločicama iz 1450-1400. pne. pronađenim u Knossosu na Kreti.

[4] Ouvaroff, M. (alternatively given as Sergei Semenovich Uvarov, or Sergey Uvarov, 1786-1855) (Translated from the French by J. D. Price) Essay on the Mysteries of Eleusis, London : Rodwell and Martin, 1817 (Reprint: USA: Kessinger Publishing, 2004). Ouvaroff does write that fixing the earliest foundation date to the Eleusinian Mysteries is fraught with problems.

[5] Tripolitis, Antonia. Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, November 2001. pp. 16–21.

[Wasson,_R_1978-6] Wasson, R. Gordon, Ruck, Carl, Hofmann, A., The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries. Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.

[1]