zavar
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably a derivation from an otherwise unattested stem of unknown origin + -r (obsolete noun and verb-forming suffix). For the parallel noun-verb derivation, compare csavar, fodor.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]zavar (plural zavarok)
- confusion, disorder, muddle, chaos
- Synonyms: zűrzavar, kavarodás, káosz, kuszaság, összevisszaság, rendetlenség
- malfunction, disturbance, hitch, fault
- Synonyms: hiba, meghibásodás, rendellenesség, fennakadás
- (medicine) dysfunction, disorder, trouble, problem, dys- (as in dyspepsia), in- (as in indigestion), mal- (as in malabsorption)
- (psychology, with the verbs ejt, esik, hoz, jön, van) embarrassment, being ill at ease, self-consciousness, discomfiture
- zavarban van ― to be embarrassed
- (telecommunications) interference
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | zavar | zavarok |
| accusative | zavart | zavarokat |
| dative | zavarnak | zavaroknak |
| instrumental | zavarral | zavarokkal |
| causal-final | zavarért | zavarokért |
| translative | zavarrá | zavarokká |
| terminative | zavarig | zavarokig |
| essive-formal | zavarként | zavarokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | zavarban | zavarokban |
| superessive | zavaron | zavarokon |
| adessive | zavarnál | zavaroknál |
| illative | zavarba | zavarokba |
| sublative | zavarra | zavarokra |
| allative | zavarhoz | zavarokhoz |
| elative | zavarból | zavarokból |
| delative | zavarról | zavarokról |
| ablative | zavartól | zavaroktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
zavaré | zavaroké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
zavaréi | zavarokéi |
| Possessive forms of zavar | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | zavarom | zavaraim |
| 2nd person sing. | zavarod | zavaraid |
| 3rd person sing. | zavara | zavarai |
| 1st person plural | zavarunk | zavaraink |
| 2nd person plural | zavarotok | zavaraitok |
| 3rd person plural | zavaruk | zavaraik |
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
Expressions
Verb
[edit]zavar
- (transitive) to bother, trouble, molest
- (transitive) to disturb (to confuse a quiet, constant state or a calm, continuous flow)
- Synonym: idegesít
- (transitive) to chase, to drive
- Synonym: kerget
Usage notes
[edit]The subject of certain verbs is not someone who acts but a stimulus that prompts sensory or emotional feelings, like when things interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone. In these cases, the experiencer can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).
If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, third-person objects (him, her, it, or them) are considered definite, while first- and second-person objects (me, us, and you), indefinite. For example, the verb érdekel can take the definite form érdekli őt (“he/she is interested”, literally “it interests him/her”) or the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket (“I am, you are, we are interested”, literally “it interests me, you, us”). The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). — Similar verbs include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be intrigued by”).[2]
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of zavar
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarok | zavarsz | zavar | zavarunk | zavartok | zavarnak | |
| Def. | zavarom | zavarod | zavarja | zavarjuk | zavarjátok | zavarják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | zavartam | zavartál | zavart | zavartunk | zavartatok | zavartak | ||
| Def. | zavartam | zavartad | zavarta | zavartuk | zavartátok | zavarták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavartalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zavarni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zavarék | zavarál | zavara | zavaránk | zavarátok | zavarának | ||
| Def. | zavarám | zavarád | zavará | zavaránk | zavarátok | zavarák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zavar vala, zavart vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zavarandok | zavarandasz | zavarand | zavarandunk | zavarandotok | zavarandanak | ||
| Def. | zavarandom | zavarandod | zavarandja | zavarandjuk | zavarandjátok | zavarandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarnék | zavarnál | zavarna | zavarnánk | zavarnátok | zavarnának | |
| Def. | zavarnám | zavarnád | zavarná | zavarnánk (or zavarnók) |
zavarnátok | zavarnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zavart volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarjak | zavarj or zavarjál |
zavarjon | zavarjunk | zavarjatok | zavarjanak | |
| Def. | zavarjam | zavard or zavarjad |
zavarja | zavarjuk | zavarjátok | zavarják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarjalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zavart légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zavarni | zavarnom | zavarnod | zavarnia | zavarnunk | zavarnotok | zavarniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| zavarás | zavaró | zavart | zavarandó | zavarva (zavarván) | zavartat | ||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of zavar
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarhatok | zavarhatsz | zavarhat | zavarhatunk | zavarhattok | zavarhatnak | |
| Def. | zavarhatom | zavarhatod | zavarhatja | zavarhatjuk | zavarhatjátok | zavarhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | zavarhattam | zavarhattál | zavarhatott | zavarhattunk | zavarhattatok | zavarhattak | ||
| Def. | zavarhattam | zavarhattad | zavarhatta | zavarhattuk | zavarhattátok | zavarhatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zavarhaték | zavarhatál | zavarhata | zavarhatánk | zavarhatátok | zavarhatának | ||
| Def. | zavarhatám | zavarhatád | zavarhatá | zavarhatánk | zavarhatátok | zavarhaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zavarhat vala, zavarhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zavarhatandok or zavarandhatok |
zavarhatandasz or zavarandhatsz |
zavarhatand or zavarandhat |
zavarhatandunk or zavarandhatunk |
zavarhatandotok or zavarandhattok |
zavarhatandanak or zavarandhatnak | ||
| Def. | zavarhatandom or zavarandhatom |
zavarhatandod or zavarandhatod |
zavarhatandja or zavarandhatja |
zavarhatandjuk or zavarandhatjuk |
zavarhatandjátok or zavarandhatjátok |
zavarhatandják or zavarandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhatandalak or zavarandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarhatnék | zavarhatnál | zavarhatna | zavarhatnánk | zavarhatnátok | zavarhatnának | |
| Def. | zavarhatnám | zavarhatnád | zavarhatná | zavarhatnánk (or zavarhatnók) |
zavarhatnátok | zavarhatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zavarhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zavarhassak | zavarhass or zavarhassál |
zavarhasson | zavarhassunk | zavarhassatok | zavarhassanak | |
| Def. | zavarhassam | zavarhasd or zavarhassad |
zavarhassa | zavarhassuk | zavarhassátok | zavarhassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | zavarhassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zavarhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (zavarhatni) | (zavarhatnom) | (zavarhatnod) | (zavarhatnia) | (zavarhatnunk) | (zavarhatnotok) | (zavarhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | zavarható | Neg. adj. | zavarhatatlan | Adv. part. | (zavarhatva / zavarhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
- ne zavartassa magát (from zavartatja magát, from zavartat)
References
[edit]- ^ zavar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ See also Verbs and adjectives that behave differently (in English vs. in Hungarian), Által (’By’), on the past participles derived from such verbs, On verbs of emotion, with special regard to their aspectual properties, especially the chart on page 3. In addition, see Thematic relation and Theta role in Wikipedia.
Further reading
[edit]- (to bother, disturb): zavar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (confusion): zavar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Armenian ձավար (javar).
Noun
[edit]zavar (definite accusative zavarı, plural zavarlar)
Declension
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: զավառ (zavaṙ) (Sivas)
References
[edit]- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ձաւար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 148
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 93–94
- “zavar”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]zavar (definite accusative zavarı, plural zavarlar)
Declension
[edit]| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | zavar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | zavarı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | zavar | zavarlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | zavarı | zavarları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | zavara | zavarlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | zavarda | zavarlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | zavardan | zavarlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | zavarın | zavarların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- “zavar”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
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