torzul
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1836. From torz (“deformed, misshapen”) + -ul (verb-forming suffix).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]torzul
- (intransitive) to become deformed, distorted, disfigured
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of torzul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | torzulok | torzulsz | torzul | torzulunk | torzultok | torzulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | torzultam | torzultál | torzult | torzultunk | torzultatok | torzultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. torzulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | torzulék | torzulál | torzula | torzulánk | torzulátok | torzulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. torzul vala, torzult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | torzulandok | torzulandasz | torzuland | torzulandunk | torzulandotok | torzulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | torzulnék | torzulnál | torzulna | torzulnánk | torzulnátok | torzulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. torzult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | torzuljak | torzulj or torzuljál |
torzuljon | torzuljunk | torzuljatok | torzuljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. torzult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | torzulni | torzulnom | torzulnod | torzulnia | torzulnunk | torzulnotok | torzulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| torzulás | torzuló | torzult | ― | torzulva (torzulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of torzul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | torzulhatok | torzulhatsz | torzulhat | torzulhatunk | torzulhattok | torzulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | torzulhattam | torzulhattál | torzulhatott | torzulhattunk | torzulhattatok | torzulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | torzulhaték | torzulhatál | torzulhata | torzulhatánk | torzulhatátok | torzulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. torzulhat vala, torzulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | torzulhatandok or torzulandhatok |
torzulhatandasz or torzulandhatsz |
torzulhatand or torzulandhat |
torzulhatandunk or torzulandhatunk |
torzulhatandotok or torzulandhattok |
torzulhatandanak or torzulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | torzulhatnék | torzulhatnál | torzulhatna | torzulhatnánk | torzulhatnátok | torzulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. torzulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | torzulhassak | torzulhass or torzulhassál |
torzulhasson | torzulhassunk | torzulhassatok | torzulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. torzulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (torzulhatni) | (torzulhatnom) | (torzulhatnod) | (torzulhatnia) | (torzulhatnunk) | (torzulhatnotok) | (torzulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (torzulhatva / torzulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ torzul in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ torzul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- torzul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN