leszáll
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]leszáll
- (intransitive) to fly down
- (intransitive) to descend (to pass from a higher to a lower place)
- A búvárok leszálltak a tó mélyére. ― The divers descended into the depths of the lake.
- (intransitive, aviation, space science) to land (to descend to a surface, especially from the air)
- (intransitive) to dismount (from -ról/-ről)
- Óvatosan leszállt a lóról. ― She carefully dismounted from the horse.
- (intransitive, transport) to get off (to disembark, especially from mass transportation, such as a bus or train)
Usage notes
[edit]When using the verb száll and its derivatives (szállás, szálló) with various means of transportation, the prefixed forms with be- (“in”) and ki- (“out”) are mostly reserved for cars (the noun having the suffix -ba/-be). In the other cases, fel-/föl- (“up, on”) and le- (“down, off”) are generally preferred (the noun having the suffix -ra/-re), conveying a transport line or route in an abstract sense, and where there are (at least traditionally) steps, such as trams, buses, trolleybuses, trains (including HÉV), metro, ships, and airplanes. (See also the other means of transport in Budapest.) On the other hand, be- and ki- may still be used for the latter vehicles in a literal sense, entering them as 3D objects, if no steps are needed to ascend.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of leszáll
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leszállok | leszállsz | leszáll | leszállunk | leszálltok | leszállnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | leszálltam | leszálltál | leszállt | leszálltunk | leszálltatok | leszálltak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. le fog szállni. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leszállék | leszállál | leszálla | leszállánk | leszállátok | leszállának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. leszáll vala, leszállt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | leszállandok | leszállandasz | leszálland | leszállandunk | leszállandotok | leszállandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | leszállnék | leszállnál | leszállna | leszállnánk | leszállnátok | leszállnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. leszállt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leszálljak | leszállj or leszálljál |
leszálljon | leszálljunk | leszálljatok | leszálljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. leszállt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | leszállni | leszállnom | leszállnod | leszállnia | leszállnunk | leszállnotok | leszállniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| leszállás | leszálló | leszállt | ― | leszállva (leszállván) | leszállít | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem száll le or le is száll. | |||||||||
potential conjugation of leszáll
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | leszállhatok | leszállhatsz | leszállhat | leszállhatunk | leszállhattok | leszállhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | leszállhattam | leszállhattál | leszállhatott | leszállhattunk | leszállhattatok | leszállhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | leszállhaték | leszállhatál | leszállhata | leszállhatánk | leszállhatátok | leszállhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. leszállhat vala, leszállhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | leszállhatandok or leszállandhatok |
leszállhatandasz or leszállandhatsz |
leszállhatand or leszállandhat |
leszállhatandunk or leszállandhatunk |
leszállhatandotok or leszállandhattok |
leszállhatandanak or leszállandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | leszállhatnék | leszállhatnál | leszállhatna | leszállhatnánk | leszállhatnátok | leszállhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. leszállhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | leszállhassak | leszállhass or leszállhassál |
leszállhasson | leszállhassunk | leszállhassatok | leszállhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. leszállhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (leszállhatni) | (leszállhatnom) | (leszállhatnod) | (leszállhatnia) | (leszállhatnunk) | (leszállhatnotok) | (leszállhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (leszállhatva / leszállhatván) | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem szállhat le or le is szállhat. | |||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- leszáll in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN