kivon
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]ki- (“out, outward, ex-”) + von (“to pull, to draw”)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kivon
- (transitive, arithmetic) to subtract
- (transitive) to extract
- (transitive) to withdraw, to take back
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of kivon
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonok | kivonsz | kivon | kivonunk | kivontok | kivonnak | |
| Def. | kivonom | kivonod | kivonja | kivonjuk | kivonjátok | kivonják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | kivontam | kivontál | kivont | kivontunk | kivontatok | kivontak | ||
| Def. | kivontam | kivontad | kivonta | kivontuk | kivontátok | kivonták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivontalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ki fog vonni. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kivonék | kivonál | kivona | kivonánk | kivonátok | kivonának | ||
| Def. | kivonám | kivonád | kivoná | kivonánk | kivonátok | kivonák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kivon vala, kivont vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | kivonandok | kivonandasz | kivonand | kivonandunk | kivonandotok | kivonandanak | ||
| Def. | kivonandom | kivonandod | kivonandja | kivonandjuk | kivonandjátok | kivonandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonnék | kivonnál | kivonna | kivonnánk | kivonnátok | kivonnának | |
| Def. | kivonnám | kivonnád | kivonná | kivonnánk (or kivonnók) |
kivonnátok | kivonnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kivont volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonjak | kivonj or kivonjál |
kivonjon | kivonjunk | kivonjatok | kivonjanak | |
| Def. | kivonjam | kivond or kivonjad |
kivonja | kivonjuk | kivonjátok | kivonják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonjalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kivont légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | kivonni | kivonnom | kivonnod | kivonnia | kivonnunk | kivonnotok | kivonniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| kivonás | kivonó | kivont | kivonandó | kivonva (kivonván) | kivonat | ||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem von ki or ki is von. | |||||||||
potential conjugation of kivon
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonhatok | kivonhatsz | kivonhat | kivonhatunk | kivonhattok | kivonhatnak | |
| Def. | kivonhatom | kivonhatod | kivonhatja | kivonhatjuk | kivonhatjátok | kivonhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | kivonhattam | kivonhattál | kivonhatott | kivonhattunk | kivonhattatok | kivonhattak | ||
| Def. | kivonhattam | kivonhattad | kivonhatta | kivonhattuk | kivonhattátok | kivonhatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kivonhaték | kivonhatál | kivonhata | kivonhatánk | kivonhatátok | kivonhatának | ||
| Def. | kivonhatám | kivonhatád | kivonhatá | kivonhatánk | kivonhatátok | kivonhaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kivonhat vala, kivonhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | kivonhatandok or kivonandhatok |
kivonhatandasz or kivonandhatsz |
kivonhatand or kivonandhat |
kivonhatandunk or kivonandhatunk |
kivonhatandotok or kivonandhattok |
kivonhatandanak or kivonandhatnak | ||
| Def. | kivonhatandom or kivonandhatom |
kivonhatandod or kivonandhatod |
kivonhatandja or kivonandhatja |
kivonhatandjuk or kivonandhatjuk |
kivonhatandjátok or kivonandhatjátok |
kivonhatandják or kivonandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhatandalak or kivonandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonhatnék | kivonhatnál | kivonhatna | kivonhatnánk | kivonhatnátok | kivonhatnának | |
| Def. | kivonhatnám | kivonhatnád | kivonhatná | kivonhatnánk (or kivonhatnók) |
kivonhatnátok | kivonhatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kivonhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kivonhassak | kivonhass or kivonhassál |
kivonhasson | kivonhassunk | kivonhassatok | kivonhassanak | |
| Def. | kivonhassam | kivonhasd or kivonhassad |
kivonhassa | kivonhassuk | kivonhassátok | kivonhassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | kivonhassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kivonhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (kivonhatni) | (kivonhatnom) | (kivonhatnod) | (kivonhatnia) | (kivonhatnunk) | (kivonhatnotok) | (kivonhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | kivonható | Neg. adj. | kivonhatatlan | Adv. part. | (kivonhatva / kivonhatván) | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem vonhat ki or ki is vonhat. | |||||||||
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (arithmetic operations) művelet; összeadás ([össze-/hozzá-] ad); kivonás (kivon, elvesz); szorzás ([össze-/meg-] szoroz); osztás ([el-] oszt); hatványozás (hatványra emel); gyökvonás (gyököt von); logaritmálás (logaritmust számít/vesz/képez) (Category: hu:Arithmetic)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- kivon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN