diriger

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French diriger, from Latin dīrigere (“to direct”), simplified into a first conjugation French verb.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /di.ʁi.ʒe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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diriger

  1. (transitive) to run; to direct (be the director of)
    Il dirige son entreprise avec passion.
    He runs his business with passion.
  2. to supervise; to oversee
  3. to steer (vehicles)
    Il sait bien diriger le bateau.
    He knows how to steer the boat.
  4. to aim, to direct
    Dirigez vos armes à l’ennemi.
    Aim your weapons at the enemy.
  5. (cinematography) to direct (a film)
  6. (reflexive, se diriger) to go towards; to head (for)
    Le camion se dirige vers la falaise.
    The truck is heading for the cliff.

Conjugation

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This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple diriger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple dirigeant
/di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigeait
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		dirigeaient
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 dirigeai
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		dirigeas
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigea
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigeâmes
/di.ʁi.ʒam/ 		dirigeâtes
/di.ʁi.ʒat/ 		dirigèrent
/di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future dirigerai
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		dirigeras
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		dirigera
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		dirigerons
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		dirigerez
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		dirigeront
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerait
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerions
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		dirigeriez
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ 		dirigeraient
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 dirigeasse
/di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		dirigeasses
/di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		dirigeât
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigeassions
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		dirigeassiez
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ 		dirigeassent
/di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		— dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of se diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple se diriger
compound s'être + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple se dirigeant
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant or étant + past participle
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/ 		te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/ 		se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/ 		nous dirigeons
/nu di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		vous dirigez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect me dirigeais
/mə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		te dirigeais
/tə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		se dirigeait
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		se dirigeaient
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 me dirigeai
/mə di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		te dirigeas
/tə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		se dirigea
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		nous dirigeâmes
/nu di.ʁi.ʒam/ 		vous dirigeâtes
/vu di.ʁi.ʒat/ 		se dirigèrent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future me dirigerai
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		te dirigeras
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		se dirigera
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		nous dirigerons
/nu di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		vous dirigerez
/vu di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		se dirigeront
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional me dirigerais
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		te dirigerais
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		se dirigerait
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		nous dirigerions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigeriez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ 		se dirigeraient
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of s'être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of s'être + past participle
future perfect future of s'être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/ 		te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/ 		se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/ 		nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 me dirigeasse
/mə di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		te dirigeasses
/tə di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		se dirigeât
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		nous dirigeassions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigeassiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ 		se dirigeassent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige-toi
/di.ʁiʒ.twa/ 		— dirigeons-nous
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃.nu/ 		dirigez-vous
/di.ʁi.ʒe.vu/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of s'être + past participle — simple imperative of s'être + past participle simple imperative of s'être + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Dutch: dirigeren
  • → Romanian: dirija
  • → Russian: дирижировать (dirižirovatʹ)

See also

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Further reading

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Interlingua

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Verb

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diriger

  1. to direct

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of diriger
infinitive diriger
participle present perfect
dirigente dirigite
active simple perfect
present dirige ha dirigite
past dirigeva habeva dirigite
future dirigera habera dirigite
conditional dirigerea haberea dirigite
imperative dirige
passive simple perfect
present es dirigite ha essite dirigite
past esseva dirigite habeva essite dirigite
future essera dirigite habera essite dirigite
conditional esserea dirigite haberea essite dirigite
imperative sia dirigite

Norwegian Bokmål

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Verb

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diriger

  1. imperative of dirigere
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