breac

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Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted; trout”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos. Cognate with Breton breac’h and Welsh brych.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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breac (genitive singular masculine bric, genitive singular feminine brice, plural breaca, comparative brice)

  1. speckled, spotted

Declension

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Declension of breac
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative breac bhreac breaca;
bhreaca²
Vocative bhric breaca
Genitive brice breaca breac
Dative breac;
bhreac¹ 		bhreac;
bhric (archaic) 		breaca;
bhreaca²
Comparative níos brice
Superlative is brice

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

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Verb

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breac (present analytic breacann, future analytic breacfaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breactha)

  1. to speckle

Conjugation

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conjugation of breac (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present breacaim breacann tú;
breacair† 		breacann sé, sí breacaimid breacann sibh breacann siad;
breacaid† 		a bhreacann; a bhreacas /
a mbreacann* 		breactar
past bhreac mé; bhreacas bhreac tú; bhreacais bhreac sé, sí bhreacamar; bhreac muid bhreac sibh; bhreacabhair bhreac siad; bhreacadar a bhreac /
ar bhreac* 		breacadh
past habitual bhreacainn / mbreacainn‡‡ bhreactá / mbreactᇇ bhreacadh sé, sí / mbreacadh sé, s퇇 bhreacaimis; bhreacadh muid / mbreacaimis‡‡; mbreacadh muid‡‡ bhreacadh sibh / mbreacadh sibh‡‡ bhreacaidís; bhreacadh siad / mbreacaidís‡‡; mbreacadh siad‡‡ a bhreacadh /
a mbreacadh* 		bhreactaí / mbreacta퇇
future breacfaidh mé;
breacfad 		breacfaidh tú;
breacfair† 		breacfaidh sé, sí breacfaimid;
breacfaidh muid 		breacfaidh sibh breacfaidh siad;
breacfaid† 		a bhreacfaidh; a bhreacfas /
a mbreacfaidh* 		breacfar
conditional bhreacfainn / mbreacfainn‡‡ bhreacfá / mbreacfᇇ bhreacfadh sé, sí / mbreacfadh sé, s퇇 bhreacfaimis; bhreacfadh muid / mbreacfaimis‡‡; mbreacfadh muid‡‡ bhreacfadh sibh / mbreacfadh sibh‡‡ bhreacfaidís; bhreacfadh siad / mbreacfaidís‡‡; mbreacfadh siad‡‡ a bhreacfadh /
a mbreacfadh* 		bhreacfaí / mbreacfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbreaca mé;
go mbreacad† 		go mbreaca tú;
go mbreacair† 		go mbreaca sé, sí go mbreacaimid;
go mbreaca muid 		go mbreaca sibh go mbreaca siad;
go mbreacaid† 		— go mbreactar
past dá mbreacainn dá mbreactá dá mbreacadh sé, sí dá mbreacaimis;
dá mbreacadh muid 		dá mbreacadh sibh dá mbreacaidís;
dá mbreacadh siad 		— dá mbreactaí
imperative breacaim breac breacadh sé, sí breacaimis breacaigí;
breacaidh† 		breacaidís — breactar
verbal noun breacadh
past participle breactha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Noun

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breac m (genitive singular bric, nominative plural bric)

  1. trout

Declension

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Declension of breac

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative breac bric
Vocative a bhric a bhreaca
Genitive bric breac
Dative breac bric

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an breac na bric
Genitive an bhric na mbreac
Dative leis an mbreac

don bhreac

leis na bric

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
breac bhreac mbreac
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Old English

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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brēac

  1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of brūcan

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted, variegated”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos.

Adjective

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breac (comparative brice)

  1. speckled, spotted, piebald
  2. embossed
  3. chequered
Declension
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Declension of breac (type I adjective)
Masculine Feminine Plural
Nominative breac bhreac breaca
Genitive bhric brice breaca
Dative breac bhric breaca
Vocative bhric bhreac breaca
Derived terms
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Verb

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breac (past bhreac, future breacaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breacte)

  1. speckle
  2. sprinkle, scatter
Conjugation
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Conjugation of breac (regular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past bhreac mi bhreac thu bhreac e/i bhreac sinn bhreac sibh bhreac iad bhreacadh
future breacaidh mi breacaidh tu breacaidh e/i breacaidh sinn breacaidh sibh breacaidh iad breacar
breactar
conditional bhreacainn bhreacadh tu bhreacadh e/i bhreacamaid
bhreacadh sinn 		bhreacadh sibh bhreacadh iad bhreactadh
bhreacaist1
bhreacaiste1
negative past cha do bhreac mi cha do bhreac thu cha do bhreac e/i cha do bhreac sinn cha do bhreac sibh cha do bhreac iad cha do bhreacadh
future cha bhreac mi cha bhreac thu cha bhreac e/i cha bhreac sinn cha bhreac sibh cha bhreac iad cha bhreacar
cha bhreactar
conditional cha bhreacainn cha bhreacadh tu cha bhreacadh e/i cha bhreacamaid
cha bhreacadh sinn 		cha bhreacadh sibh cha bhreacadh iad cha bhreactadh
cha bhreacaist1
cha bhreacaiste1
affirmative
interrogative 		past an do bhreac mi? an do bhreac thu? an do bhreac e/i? an do bhreac sinn? an do bhreac sibh? an do bhreac iad? an do bhreacadh?
future am breac mi? am breac thu? am breac e/i? am breac sinn? am breac sibh? am breac iad? am breacar?
am breactar?
conditional am breacainn? am breacadh tu? am breacadh e/i? am breacamaid?
am breacadh sinn? 		am breacadh sibh? am breacadh iad? am breactadh?
am breacaist?1
am breacaiste?1
negative
interrogative 		past nach do bhreac mi? nach do bhreac thu? nach do bhreac e/i? nach do bhreac sinn? nach do bhreac sibh? nach do bhreac iad? nach do bhreacadh?
future nach breac mi? nach breac thu? nach breac e/i? nach breac sinn? nach breac sibh? nach breac iad? nach breacar?
nach breactar?
conditional nach breacainn? nach breacadh tu? nach breacadh e/i? nach breacamaid?
nach breacadh sinn? 		nach breacadh sibh? nach breacadh iad? nach breactadh?
nach breacaist?1
nach breacaiste?1
relative
future 		affirmative (ma) bhreacas mi (ma) bhreacas thu (ma) bhreacas e/i (ma) bhreacas sinn (ma) bhreacas sibh (ma) bhreacas iad (ma) bhreacar
negative (mur) breac mi (mur) breac thu (mur) breac e/i (mur) breac sinn (mur) breac sibh (mur) breac iad (mur) breacar
(mur) breactar
imperative breacam breac breacadh e/i breacamaid breacaibh breacadh iad breacar
breactar
stem breac
verbal noun breacadh
past participle breacta
1 Lewis dialect form

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish brecc (“trout”).

Noun

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breac m (genitive singular bric, plural bric)

  1. trout, brown trout
  2. (dialect) salmon

Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
breac bhreac
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

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