borb

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Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish borb (“foolish, ignorant”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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borb (genitive singular masculine boirb, genitive singular feminine boirbe, plural borba, comparative boirbe)

  1. brusque, gruff, abrupt; rude
    Synonym: drochmhúinte
  2. pungent

Declension

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Declension of borb
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative borb bhorb borba;
bhorba²
Vocative bhoirb borba
Genitive boirbe borba borb
Dative borb;
bhorb¹ 		bhorb;
bhoirb (archaic) 		borba;
bhorba²
Comparative níos boirbe
Superlative is boirbe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

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  • boirbe f (“gruffness, rudeness”)

Verb

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borb (present analytic borbann, future analytic borbfaidh, verbal noun borbadh, past participle borbtha)

  1. (intransitive) Alternative form of borbaigh (“get angry, rude”)

Conjugation

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conjugation of borb (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present borbaim borbann tú;
borbair† 		borbann sé, sí borbaimid borbann sibh borbann siad;
borbaid† 		a bhorbann; a bhorbas /
a mborbann* 		borbtar
past bhorb mé; bhorbas bhorb tú; bhorbais bhorb sé, sí bhorbamar; bhorb muid bhorb sibh; bhorbabhair bhorb siad; bhorbadar a bhorb /
ar bhorb* 		borbadh
past habitual bhorbainn / mborbainn‡‡ bhorbtá / mborbtᇇ bhorbadh sé, sí / mborbadh sé, s퇇 bhorbaimis; bhorbadh muid / mborbaimis‡‡; mborbadh muid‡‡ bhorbadh sibh / mborbadh sibh‡‡ bhorbaidís; bhorbadh siad / mborbaidís‡‡; mborbadh siad‡‡ a bhorbadh /
a mborbadh* 		bhorbtaí / mborbta퇇
future borbfaidh mé;
borbfad 		borbfaidh tú;
borbfair† 		borbfaidh sé, sí borbfaimid;
borbfaidh muid 		borbfaidh sibh borbfaidh siad;
borbfaid† 		a bhorbfaidh; a bhorbfas /
a mborbfaidh* 		borbfar
conditional bhorbfainn / mborbfainn‡‡ bhorbfá / mborbfᇇ bhorbfadh sé, sí / mborbfadh sé, s퇇 bhorbfaimis; bhorbfadh muid / mborbfaimis‡‡; mborbfadh muid‡‡ bhorbfadh sibh / mborbfadh sibh‡‡ bhorbfaidís; bhorbfadh siad / mborbfaidís‡‡; mborbfadh siad‡‡ a bhorbfadh /
a mborbfadh* 		bhorbfaí / mborbfa퇇
subjunctive present go mborba mé;
go mborbad† 		go mborba tú;
go mborbair† 		go mborba sé, sí go mborbaimid;
go mborba muid 		go mborba sibh go mborba siad;
go mborbaid† 		— go mborbtar
past dá mborbainn dá mborbtá dá mborbadh sé, sí dá mborbaimis;
dá mborbadh muid 		dá mborbadh sibh dá mborbaidís;
dá mborbadh siad 		— dá mborbtaí
imperative borbaim borb borbadh sé, sí borbaimis borbaigí;
borbaidh† 		borbaidís — borbtar
verbal noun borbadh
past participle borbtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
borb bhorb mborb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 28
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 7

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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borb

  1. foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth
  2. fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant

Declension

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o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative borb borb borb
Vocative buirb*
borb**
Accusative borb buirb
Genitive buirb buirbe buirb
Dative burb buirb burb
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative buirb borba
Vocative burbu
borba†
Accusative burbu
borba†
Genitive borb
Dative borbaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Irish: borb
  • Scottish Gaelic: borb
  • Manx: barb

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
borb borb
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ 		mborb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Old Irish borb (“foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth; fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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borb (comparative buirbe)

  1. barbaric, barbarous
  2. boisterous
  3. brusque
  4. brutish, crude
  5. cruel, savage, fierce
  6. harsh
  7. knockabout
  8. rabid

Mutation

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Mutation of borb
radical lenition
borb bhorb

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “borb”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “borb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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