-lal
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Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lal
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb to create a new verb either with frequentative or causative meaning. It was also attached to nouns to create new verbs during the Hungarian language reform.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lal is added to back-vowel words
- -lel is added to front-vowel words
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -lal
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lalok | -lalsz | -lal | -lalunk | -laltok | -lalnak | |
| Def. | -lalom | -lalod | -lalja | -laljuk | -laljátok | -lalják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lallak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -laltam | -laltál | -lalt | -laltunk | -laltatok | -laltak | ||
| Def. | -laltam | -laltad | -lalta | -laltuk | -laltátok | -lalták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -laltalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -lalni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lalék | -lalál | -lala | -lalánk | -lalátok | -lalának | ||
| Def. | -lalám | -lalád | -lalá | -lalánk | -lalátok | -lalák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -lal vala, -lalt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lalandok | -lalandasz | -laland | -lalandunk | -lalandotok | -lalandanak | ||
| Def. | -lalandom | -lalandod | -lalandja | -lalandjuk | -lalandjátok | -lalandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lalnék | -lalnál | -lalna | -lalnánk | -lalnátok | -lalnának | |
| Def. | -lalnám | -lalnád | -lalná | -lalnánk (or -lalnók) |
-lalnátok | -lalnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lalt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -laljak | -lalj or -laljál |
-laljon | -laljunk | -laljatok | -laljanak | |
| Def. | -laljam | -lald or -laljad |
-lalja | -laljuk | -laljátok | -lalják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -laljalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lalt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -lalni | -lalnom | -lalnod | -lalnia | -lalnunk | -lalnotok | -lalniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -lalás | -laló | -lalt | -lalandó | -lalva (-lalván) | |||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of -lal
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lalhatok | -lalhatsz | -lalhat | -lalhatunk | -lalhattok | -lalhatnak | |
| Def. | -lalhatom | -lalhatod | -lalhatja | -lalhatjuk | -lalhatjátok | -lalhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lalhattam | -lalhattál | -lalhatott | -lalhattunk | -lalhattatok | -lalhattak | ||
| Def. | -lalhattam | -lalhattad | -lalhatta | -lalhattuk | -lalhattátok | -lalhatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lalhaték | -lalhatál | -lalhata | -lalhatánk | -lalhatátok | -lalhatának | ||
| Def. | -lalhatám | -lalhatád | -lalhatá | -lalhatánk | -lalhatátok | -lalhaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -lalhat vala, -lalhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lalhatandok or -lalandhatok |
-lalhatandasz or -lalandhatsz |
-lalhatand or -lalandhat |
-lalhatandunk or -lalandhatunk |
-lalhatandotok or -lalandhattok |
-lalhatandanak or -lalandhatnak | ||
| Def. | -lalhatandom or -lalandhatom |
-lalhatandod or -lalandhatod |
-lalhatandja or -lalandhatja |
-lalhatandjuk or -lalandhatjuk |
-lalhatandjátok or -lalandhatjátok |
-lalhatandják or -lalandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhatandalak or -lalandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lalhatnék | -lalhatnál | -lalhatna | -lalhatnánk | -lalhatnátok | -lalhatnának | |
| Def. | -lalhatnám | -lalhatnád | -lalhatná | -lalhatnánk (or -lalhatnók) |
-lalhatnátok | -lalhatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lalhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lalhassak | -lalhass or -lalhassál |
-lalhasson | -lalhassunk | -lalhassatok | -lalhassanak | |
| Def. | -lalhassam | -lalhasd or -lalhassad |
-lalhassa | -lalhassuk | -lalhassátok | -lalhassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -lalhassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lalhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-lalhatni) | (-lalhatnom) | (-lalhatnod) | (-lalhatnia) | (-lalhatnunk) | (-lalhatnotok) | (-lalhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | -lalható | Neg. adj. | -lalhatatlan | Adv. part. | (-lalhatva / -lalhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lal