From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: and
U+9769, 革
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9769

[U+9768]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+976A]
U+2FB0, ⾰
KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER

[U+2FAF]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FB1]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 177, +0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿中十 (TLJ), four-corner 44506, composition 廿)

  1. Kangxi radical #177, .

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1385, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42710
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1899, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4325, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9769

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠦶

𩎎

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a stretched animal hide: the upper is head, the bottom is the tail and legs. The hands around the hide were briefly added later.

Compare (), which also features a hide.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Appears to be related to (OC *kʰroːɡ, “shell, husk”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: gaap3 - variant.
Note:
  • 4kaq - colloquial;
  • 4keq - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ³⁵/
Harbin /kɤ²¹³/
Tianjin /kɤ⁴⁵/
Jinan /kə²¹³/
Qingdao /kə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
Xi'an /kei²¹/
Xining /kɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ka¹³/
/kə¹³/
Lanzhou /kə¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
/kei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ke³¹/
Guiyang /kɛ²¹/
Kunming /kə³¹/
Nanjing /kəʔ⁵/
Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ka²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kʰɛʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ka⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kə²⁴/
Xiangtan /kæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ket̚¹/
Taoyuan /ket̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/
Nanning /kak̚³³/
Hong Kong /kak̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kek̚⁵/
/kɔk̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter keak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/kɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/kæk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gak1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛk › ‹ kɛk ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁrək/ /*kˁrək/
English hide, skin change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3835
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. leather; animal hide
  2. (historical) leather armour and weaponry
  3. (historical) ornament on the front of the cart
  4. Alternative form of (headstall)
  5. to change; to alter; to reform
  6. to remove; to expel
      ―  zhí  ―  to dismiss; to remove from office
    [Cantonese]  ―  gaak3 ce2 [Jyutping]  ―  to fire; to dismiss; to remove from office
    偷提物件出去 [Hokkien, trad.]
    偷提物件出去 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I thau-the̍h chhiúⁿ lāi ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hō͘ chhiúⁿ ê kā i kek chhut-khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He stole things inside the factory, making the factory fire him.
  7. 49th hexagram of the I Ching
  8. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (terminally ill; critical)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. leather; animal hide; pelt
  2. become serious
  3. change; alter

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
かわ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Specialization of (かわ) (kawa, skin).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(かわ) (kawaかは (kafa)?

  1. leather
    (かわ)(ひょう)()
    kawa no hyōshi
    leather book cover

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(hyeok, geuk) (hangeul , , revised hyeok, geuk, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, kŭk, Yale hyek, kuk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: cách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.