鋼

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See also: 钢
鋼 U+92FC, 鋼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-92FC
← 鋻
[U+92FB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鋽 →
[U+92FD]

Translingual

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Han character

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鋼 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 87120, composition ⿰釒岡)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1309, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+92FC

Chinese

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trad. 鋼
simp. 钢
alternative forms 鎠
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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岡 *klaːŋ
崗 *klaːŋ
剛 *klaːŋ
掆 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱 *klaːŋ
犅 *klaːŋ
堈 *klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Etymology

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Along with 剛 (OC *klaːŋ, “hard, firm, stiff”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

For the identity of the unknown preinitial *C reconstructed by Baxter & Sagart (2014), compare the pre-syllable *t- of Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, its reflex.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: gong3 - variant.
Note:
  • kǹg - vernacular;
  • kòng/kong - literary.
Rime
Character 鋼 鋼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古郎切 古浪切
Baxter kang kangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaŋ/ /kaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāng gàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gong1 gong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鋼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.kˁaŋ/
English cast iron; steel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鋼 鋼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3715 3719
Phonetic
component 		岡 岡
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		岡 鋼
Old
Chinese 		/*klaːŋ/ /*klaːŋs/

Definitions

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鋼

  1. steel
See also
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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠠᠩ (ɣang)
  • → Manchu: ᡬᠠᠨ (g'an)
  • → Tai Nüa: ᥐᥣᥒ (kaang)
  • → Proto-Vietic: *t-kaːŋ (via Old Chinese)
    • Middle Vietnamese:

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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鋼

  1. † hard; strong; tough
  2. to sharpen; to whet; to strop

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鋼

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
  • Kun: はがね (hagane, 鋼, Jōyō)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
鋼
はがね
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
刃金

刃 (ha, “blade”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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鋼(はがね) • (hagane) 

  1. steel (metal produced from iron)
    鋼(はがね)のように硬(かた)い。
    Hagane no yō ni katai.
    Hard as steel.

Synonyms

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Korean

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Hanja

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鋼 (eumhun 강철/굳셀 강 (gangcheol/gutsel gang))

  1. hanja form? of 강 (“steel”)
  2. hanja form? of 강 (“hard; strong”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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鋼: Hán Nôm readings: cương, gang, cang

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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