軟弱
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See also: 软弱
Chinese
[edit]soft; flexible | weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (軟弱) | 軟 | 弱 | |
simp. (软弱) | 软 | 弱 | |
alternative forms | 輭弱/软弱 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun5 joek6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiôn-ngio̍k
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): loán-lio̍k / loán-jio̍k / loán-jia̍k / nńg-lio̍h
- (Teochew, Peng'im): neng2 riag8
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ruǎnruò
- Wade–Giles: juan3-jo4
- Yale: rwǎn-rwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roanruoh
- Palladius: жуаньжо (žuanʹžo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jyun5 joek6
- Yale: yúhn yeuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn5 joek9
- Guangdong Romanization: yun5 yêg6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn¹³ jœːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiôn-ngio̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngionˊ ngiog
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngion1 ngiog6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯on²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯ok̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán-lio̍k
- Tâi-lô: luán-lio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: loafnliok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /luan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán-jio̍k
- Tâi-lô: luán-jio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: loafnjiok
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán-jia̍k
- Tâi-lô: luán-jia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: loafnjiak
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /luan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
Note:
- nńg-lio̍h - vernacular (“feeble (Xiamen)”);
- loán-jia̍k - literary (“feeble (Zhangzhou)”);
- loán-lio̍k - literary (“feeble (Taiwan); lacking courage”);
- loán-jio̍k - literary (“feeble; lacking courage”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: neng2 riag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nṳ́ng jia̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziak̚⁴/
Adjective
[edit]軟弱
Synonyms
[edit]- (weak):
- 冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
- 單薄/单薄 (dānbó)
- 孤單/孤单 (gūdān)
- 孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
- 弱 (ruò)
- 微弱 (wēiruò)
- 柔弱 (róuruò)
- 瘦弱 (shòuruò)
- 瘦瘠 (shòují)
- 羸弱 (léiruò)
- 脆弱 (cuìruò)
- 荏弱 (Hokkien)
- 薄弱 (bóruò)
- 虛弱/虚弱 (xūruò)
- 虛荏/虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 虛虧/虚亏 (xūkuī)
- 虧弱/亏弱 (kuīruò)
- 衰弱 (shuāiruò)
- 軟蔫蔫/软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 軟䭕/软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 雌 (cí) (literary)
- 體弱/体弱 (tǐruò)
- (lacking courage):
Antonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
軟 | 弱 |
なん Grade: S |
じゃく Grade: 2 |
kan'yōon | kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]軟弱 • (nanjaku) ←なんじやく (nanzyaku)?-na (adnominal 軟弱な (nanjaku na), adverbial 軟弱に (nanjaku ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 軟弱
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 軟弱だろ | なんじゃくだろ | nanjaku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 軟弱で | なんじゃくで | nanjaku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 軟弱だ | なんじゃくだ | nanjaku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 軟弱な | なんじゃくな | nanjaku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 軟弱なら | なんじゃくなら | nanjaku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 軟弱であれ | なんじゃくであれ | nanjaku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 軟弱ではない 軟弱じゃない |
なんじゃくではない なんじゃくじゃない |
nanjaku de wa nai nanjaku ja nai |
Informal past | 軟弱だった | なんじゃくだった | nanjaku datta |
Informal negative past | 軟弱ではなかった 軟弱じゃなかった |
なんじゃくではなかった なんじゃくじゃなかった |
nanjaku de wa nakatta nanjaku ja nakatta |
Formal | 軟弱です | なんじゃくです | nanjaku desu |
Formal negative | 軟弱ではありません 軟弱じゃありません |
なんじゃくではありません なんじゃくじゃありません |
nanjaku de wa arimasen nanjaku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 軟弱でした | なんじゃくでした | nanjaku deshita |
Formal negative past | 軟弱ではありませんでした 軟弱じゃありませんでし��� |
なんじゃくではありませんでした なんじゃくじゃありませんでした |
nanjaku de wa arimasen deshita nanjaku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 軟弱で | なんじゃくで | nanjaku de |
Conditional | 軟弱なら(ば) | なんじゃくなら(ば) | nanjaku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 軟弱だったら | なんじゃくだったら | nanjaku dattara |
Volitional | 軟弱だろう | なんじゃくだろう | nanjaku darō |
Adverbial | 軟弱に | なんじゃくに | nanjaku ni |
Degree | 軟弱さ | なんじゃくさ | nanjakusa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 軟弱なら | なんじゃくなら | nanzyakunara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 軟弱に[1] 軟弱なり[2] |
なんじゃくに なんじゃくなり |
nanzyakuni nanzyakunari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 軟弱なり | なんじゃくなり | nanzyakunari | |
Attributive (連体形) | 軟弱なる | なんじゃくなる | nanzyakunaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 軟弱なれ | なんじゃくなれ | nanzyakunare | |
Imperative (命令形) | 軟弱なれ | なんじゃくなれ | nanzyakunare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 軟弱ならず | なんじゃくならず | nanzyakunarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 軟弱なれど | なんじゃくなれど | nanzyakunaredo | |
Causal conjunction | 軟弱なれば | なんじゃくなれば | nanzyakunareba | |
Conditional conjunction | 軟弱ならば | なんじゃくならば | nanzyakunaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 軟弱なりき | なんじゃくなりき | nanzyakunariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 軟弱なりけり | なんじゃくなりけり | nanzyakunarikeri | |
Adverbial | 軟弱に | なんじゃくに | nanzyakuni | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
References
[edit]- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
軟 | 弱 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
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- Hakka lemmas
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- Intermediate Mandarin
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