蓋
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]蓋 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿土戈廿 (TGIT), four-corner 44107, composition ⿱艹盍)
Derived characters
[edit]- 壒, 㯼, 濭, 瓂, 礚(𥕤), 䡷, 鑉(𫠁), 饚, 𡀽, 𡣨, 𭗡, 𢅤, 𢣏(㦈), 𢷞, 𣋞, 𣩱, 𤐩, 𭿫, 𫇙, 𧞔, 𮜝, 𮡈, 𨽈, 𩍰, 𩡤, 𣰛, 𨞨, 𩕭, 𤻜, 𠤅, 𡈮
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1051, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31652
- Dae Jaweon: page 1513, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3260, character 13
- Unihan data for U+84CB
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 蓋 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 盖 | |
alternative forms | 葢 盖 乢 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 蓋 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb) — a thatch.
盍 is the original character for the “cover” sense. However, because this original character was borrowed to mean “why not”, the scope of senses for 蓋 expanded to include the “cover” sense (and its extended meanings).
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wap (“to cover, incubate, hatch”). Within Chinese, compare:
- 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to join, unite; door leaf”)
- 閤 (OC *kuːb, “small gate”)
- 蛤 (OC *kuːb, “oyster, mussel”)
- 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to join, unite; harmony; to close, shut”)
- 洽 (OC *ɡruːb, “to unite, assemble; to accord with”)
- 翕 (OC *qʰrub, “united, harmonious”)
Outside of Sinitic, cognate with Mizo [Term?] (hûap, “to include, to take in, to cover, to embrace, to apply to”). The Sino-Tibetan root is likely allofamic with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔup (“idem”), the latter whence Burmese အုပ် (up, “to cover”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): goi3 / koi3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gai3
- Eastern Min (BUC): gái
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ke
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gài
- Wade–Giles: kai4
- Yale: gài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gay
- Palladius: гай (gaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (蓋兒/盖儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gàir
- Wade–Giles: kai4-ʼrh
- Yale: gàir
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gall
- Palladius: гайр (gajr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: goi3 / koi3
- Yale: goi / koi
- Cantonese Pinyin: goi3 / koi3
- Guangdong Romanization: goi3 / koi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːi̯³³/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koi
- Hakka Romanization System: goi
- Hagfa Pinyim: goi4
- Sinological IPA: /koi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- kah - vernacular (“to cover”);
- kòa - vernacular (noun);
- kài - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kajH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤap-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːbs/
Definitions
[edit]蓋
- to cover; to conceal
- 蓋被/盖被 [Hokkien] ― kah-phōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to put on a blanket
- (figurative) to cover up; to conceal
- (Southern Min) to put on; to apply
- to stamp; to affix (a seal)
- to overwhelm; to surpass
- to build; to construct
- to talk nonsense; to chatter; to brag; to boast; to bluff
- cover; cap; lid
- shell (of a turtle, crab, etc.)
- † thatch; straw mat
- † canopy
- (dialectal) excellent; fantastic
- (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Southern Sixian Hakka) very
- 該係蓋久蓋久个以前,𠊎還蓋細蓋細个時節,𠊎還蓋細蓋細个時節 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
- From: 2006, 林姿君, 匍背 (Hunchback)
- Te he koi kiú koi kiú e yî-chhièn, ngài hàn koi se koi se e sṳ̀-chiet, ngài hàn koi se koi se e sṳ̀-chiet [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
- That is a very, very long time ago, when I was still very, very small, when I was still very, very small.
该系盖久盖久个以前,𠊎还盖细盖细个时节,𠊎还盖细盖细个时节 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]
- † probably; roughly
- † for; because
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蓋 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蓋 |
Taiwan | 蓋 | |
Singapore | 蓋 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | ��� |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蓋 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蓋, 㝩 |
Wuhan | 蓋, 㝩, 垛 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蓋 |
Hefei | 蓋 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蓋, 冚, 扱 |
Hong Kong | 冚, 扱 | |
Yangjiang | 扱 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 蓋, 㔶, 盍 |
Hakka | Meixian | 蓋, 弇 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 弇 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 弇 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 弇 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 弇 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 弇 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 揜 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 蓋 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 㔶𱔴 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 㔶, 㪠 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 崁 |
Quanzhou | 崁 | |
Zhangzhou | 崁 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 崁 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 崁 | |
Chaozhou | 蓋, 崁 | |
Shantou | 蓋 | |
Jieyang | 蓋, 崁 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 蓋 |
Wenzhou | 㔶, 蓋 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 蓋 |
Shuangfeng | 蓋, 㔶 |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蓋子, 蓋 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蓋兒, 蓋子 |
Taiwan | 蓋子 | |
Singapore | 蓋 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蓋 |
Hong Kong | 蓋 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蓋仔 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋仔 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蓋仔 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蓋 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蓋仔 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蓋 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 蓋蓋 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 蓋, 崁 |
Quanzhou | 蓋, 崁 | |
Zhangzhou | 蓋, 崁 | |
Tainan | 蓋 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 蓋 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 蓋, 崁 | |
Shantou | 蓋 | |
Jieyang | 蓋 |
Compounds
[edit]- 上蓋/上盖
- 亂蓋/乱盖
- 依蓋爾其/依盖尔其 (Yīgài'ěrqí)
- 修蓋/修盖
- 傘蓋/伞盖 (sǎngài)
- 傾蓋/倾盖 (qīnggài)
- 傾蓋定交/倾盖定交
- 傾蓋相逢/倾盖相逢
- 傾蓋而語/倾盖而语
- 冠蓋/冠盖
- 冠蓋如雲/冠盖如云
- 冠蓋相屬/冠盖相属
- 冠蓋相望/冠盖相望
- 冠蓋雲集/冠盖云集
- 冠蓋高舉/冠盖高举
- 劈頭蓋臉/劈头盖脸 (pītóugàiliǎn)
- 區蓋/区盖 (ōugài)
- 口蓋/口盖 (kǒugài)
- 天地蓋載/天地盖载
- 天靈蓋/天灵盖 (tiānlínggài)
- 寶蓋/宝盖 (bǎogài)
- 寶蓋山/宝盖山
- 屋下蓋屋/屋下盖屋
- 帷蓋/帷盖
- 帷蓋不棄/帷盖不弃
- 幢蓋/幢盖
- 幡蓋/幡盖
- 拔山蓋世/拔山盖世
- 捂捂蓋蓋/捂捂盖盖 (wǔwǔgàigài)
- 捂蓋子/捂盖子
- 掖掖蓋蓋/掖掖盖盖
- 掩蓋/掩盖 (yǎngài)
- 捲鋪蓋/卷铺盖
- 揭蓋兒/揭盖儿
- 揭蓋子/揭盖子
- 搭蓋/搭盖 (dāgài)
- 摀蓋/𰓆盖
- 敷蓋物/敷盖物
- 方底圓蓋/方底圆盖
- 旛蓋/旛盖
- 明鋪夜蓋/明铺夜盖
- 曲蓋/曲盖
- 朱轓皂蓋/朱𰺜皂盖
- 杭蓋/杭盖 (Hánggài)
- 欲蓋彌彰/欲盖弥彰 (yùgàimízhāng)
- 氣蓋山河/气盖山河
- 波羅蓋/波罗盖 (bōluógài)
- 油蓋/油盖
- 涵蓋/涵盖 (hángài)
- 渾蓋/浑盖
- 漫天蓋地/漫天盖地
- 瓶蓋/瓶盖 (pínggài)
- 磕膝蓋/磕膝盖
- 程孔傾蓋/程孔倾盖
- 穴寶蓋兒/穴宝盖儿
- 立馬蓋橋/立马盖桥
- 籠蓋/笼盖
- 羽蓋/羽盖
- 翠蓋/翠盖
- 翻蓋/翻盖 (fāngài)
- 膝蓋/膝盖 (xīgài)
- 膝蓋骨/膝盖骨 (xīgàigǔ)
- 臭蓋/臭盖
- 華蓋/华盖 (huágài)
- 菌蓋/菌盖 (jūngài)
- 蓋世/盖世 (gàishì)
- 蓋世之才/盖世之才
- 蓋世功勛/盖世功勋
- 蓋世太保/盖世太保 (Gàishìtàibǎo)
- 蓋世無雙/盖世无双
- 蓋世雄才/盖世雄才
- 蓋人/盖人
- 蓋代/盖代
- 蓋仙/盖仙
- 蓋住/盖住
- 蓋印/盖印 (gàiyìn)
- 蓋喧
- 蓋壤/盖壤
- 蓋天板/盖天板
- 蓋子/盖子 (gàizi)
- 蓋孜力克/盖孜力克 (Gàizīlìkè)
- 蓋孜庫木/盖孜库木 (Gàizīkùmù)
- 蓋帽/盖帽 (gàimào)
- 蓋愆/盖愆
- 蓋抹/盖抹
- 蓋柿/盖柿
- 蓋棺事定/盖棺事定
- 蓋棺論定/盖棺论定 (gàiguānlùndìng)
- 蓋火/盖火
- 蓋火鍋/盖火锅 (gài huǒguō)
- 蓋然性/盖然性 (gàiránxìng)
- 蓋盅兒/盖盅儿
- 蓋碗/盖碗 (gàiwǎn)
- 蓋老/盖老
- 蓋臉/盖脸
- 蓋菜/盖菜 (gàicài)
- 蓆蓋子/席盖子
- 蓋藏/盖藏
- 蓋覆/盖覆
- 蓋造/盖造
- 蓋闕/盖阙
- 蓋章/盖章 (gàizhāng)
- 蓋頭/盖头 (gàitou)
- 蓋飯/盖饭 (gàifàn)
- 覆蓋/覆盖 (fùgài)
- 跛羅蓋子/跛罗盖子
- 車蓋/车盖 (chēgài)
- 遮天蓋地/遮天盖地
- 遮天蓋日/遮天盖日
- 遮蓋/遮盖 (zhēgài)
- 鋪天蓋地/铺天盖地 (pūtiāngàidì)
- 鍋蓋/锅盖 (guōgài)
- 雨蓋/雨盖
- 靈蓋/灵盖
- 頭蓋骨/头盖骨 (tóugàigǔ)
- 飛蓋/飞盖
- 馬子蓋/马子盖
- 馬桶蓋/马桶盖 (mǎtǒnggài)
- 馬蓋先/马盖先
- 鰓蓋/鳃盖
- 鳳蓋/凤盖
- 麥蓋提/麦盖提 (Màigàití)
- 麾蓋/麾盖
- 黃旗紫蓋/黄旗紫盖
- 黃沙蓋面/黄沙盖面
- 黃蓋/黄盖 (huánggài)
- 鼎蓋/鼎盖 (tiáⁿ-kòa) (Min Nan)
See also
[edit]- 捂 (wǔ)
Descendants
[edit]- → Japanese: 蓋し (kedashi) (calque)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gài
- Wade–Giles: kai4
- Yale: gài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gay
- Palladius: гай (gaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hé
- Wade–Giles: ho2
- Yale: hé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
- Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hap6
- Yale: hahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: hap9
- Guangdong Romanization: heb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hap
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[k]ˤap/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːb/
Definitions
[edit]蓋
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “to cover; to join together; thatch”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 闔/阖 (hé, “door leaf”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Gě
- Wade–Giles: Ko3
- Yale: Gě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gee
- Palladius: Гэ (Gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gap3
- Yale: gap
- Cantonese Pinyin: gap8
- Guangdong Romanization: geb3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐp̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: kap
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːb/
Definitions
[edit]蓋
- (~邑) (historical) Ge (a city in the ancient state of Qi in modern-day Yishui County, Shandong)
- a surname
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hé
- Wade–Giles: ho2
- Yale: hé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
- Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hap6
- Yale: hahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: hap9
- Guangdong Romanization: heb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hap
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːb/
Definitions
[edit]蓋
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “how; why”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”)
- 晉獻公將殺其世子申生,公子重耳謂之曰:「子蓋言子之志於公乎?」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jìn Xiàn Gōng jiāng shā qí shì zǐ Shēnshēng, gōngzǐ Chóng'ěr wèi zhī yuē: “Zǐ hé yán zǐ zhī zhì yú gōng hū?” [Pinyin]
- Duke Xian of Jin, intending to put to death his heir-son Shen-sheng, another son, Chong-er, said to the latter, "Why do you not tell what is in your mind to the duke?"
晋献公将杀其世子申生,公子重耳谓之曰:「子盖言子之志于公乎?」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 子貢曰:「夫子之道至大也,故天下莫能容夫子。夫子蓋少貶焉?」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zǐgòng yuē: “Fūzǐ zhī dào zhì dà yě, gù tiānxià mò néng róng fūzǐ. Fūzǐ hé shǎo biǎn yān?” [Pinyin]
- Zigong said, "Master, your philosophy is the greatest, and thus no one in the world can accept you. Why do you, Master, not slightly lower your standards?"
子贡曰:「夫子之道至大也,故天下莫能容夫子。夫子盖少贬焉?」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- khap - vernacular;
- kap - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kab4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khap
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰap̚²/
Definitions
[edit]蓋
- Alternative form of 匼 (“to cover”)
References
[edit]- “Entry #10820”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: かい (kai)、ごう (gō)
- Kan-on: かい (kai)、こう (kō)
- Kan’yō-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
- Kun: ふた (futa, 蓋, Jōyō)、けだし (kedashi, 蓋し)、おおう (ōu, 蓋う)、かさ (kasa, 蓋)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
蓋 |
ふた Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE to phonetically spell Mount Futagami as 蓋上山. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pota.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- lid; cap; cover; (malacology) operculum
- 箱のふた ― hako no futa ― box lid
- ビンの蓋 ― bin no futa ― cap of a bottle
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- ja:Malacology
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