唾

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唾 U+553E, 唾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-553E
← 唽
[U+553D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 唿 →
[U+553F]

Translingual

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Han character

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唾 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口竹十一 (RHJM), four-corner 62014, composition ⿰口垂)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3785
  • Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 641, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+553E

Chinese

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trad. 唾
simp. # 唾

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 唾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埵 *toːlʔ
綞 *toːlʔ
涶 *tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾 *tʰoːls
厜 *stol
腄 *tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠 *tol, *tjolʔ
娷 *tols
諈 *tols
錘 *dol, *dols, *du
甀 *dol, *dols
硾 *dols
捶 *tjolʔ
垂 *djol
陲 *djol
倕 *djol
菙 *djolʔ
睡 *djols

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰoːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཐོ་ལེ (tho le, “spit”), Burmese တွေး (twe:, “spittle”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯卧切
Baxter thwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰwaH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰuɑH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		to3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thwaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁoj-s/
English to spit (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
No. 1661
Phonetic
component 		垂
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		唾
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰoːls/

Definitions

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唾

  1. saliva
    唾腺  ―  tuòxiàn  ―  salivary gland
  2. to spit
  3. to spit at; to spit with contempt
  4. to vomit

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 口水 (“saliva; drool”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 涎, 唾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 唾液, 口涎, 口水
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哈喇子
Taiwan 口水
Ulanhot 哈喇子
Tongliao 哈喇子
Chifeng 唾沫
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 哈喇子
Harbin 口水, 哈喇子
Shenyang 吃水, 哈喇子
Singapore 口水
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 哈喇子
Jinan 吃拉拉, 咧涎, 涎線, 哈喇子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 痴水, 痴水痘兒
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 涎水
Zhengzhou 嘴水
Xi'an 涎水
Xining 涎水
Xuzhou 口水, 口婁水
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 涎水
Bayanhot 涎水, 口水
Lanzhou 涎水
Ürümqi 涎水, 哈喇子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 口水, 憨口水, 清口水
Chongqing 口水
Wuhan 涎, 涎水
Guiyang 口水
Kunming 口水
Guilin 口水
Liuzhou 口水, 口漦 dated
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 口水
Yangzhou 口水
Nantong 涎, 唾沫
Hefei 口水
Cantonese Guangzhou 口水
Hong Kong 口水
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 口水
Macau 口水
Guangzhou (Panyu) 口水
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 口水
Guangzhou (Conghua) 口水
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 口水
Foshan 口水
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 口水
Foshan (Shunde) 口水
Foshan (Sanshui) 口水
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 口水
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 口瀾
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 口瀾
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 口水
Zhuhai (Doumen) 口水
Jiangmen (Baisha) 口水
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 口水
Taishan 口水
Kaiping (Chikan) 口水
Enping (Niujiang) 口水
Heshan (Yayao) 口水泡
Dongguan 口水
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 口水
Shaoguan 口水
Yunfu 口水
Yangjiang 口水
Xinyi 口水
Lianjiang 口水
Nanning 口水
Wuzhou 口水
Yulin 涎水
Hepu (Lianzhou) 涎水, 口水
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 口水
Singapore (Guangfu) 口水
Yangon (Taishan) 口水
Mandalay (Taishan) 口水
Gan Nanchang 涎
Lichuan 口瀾
Pingxiang 饞水
Hakka Meixian 口瀾, 口瀾水, 口水
Xingning 口瀾
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 口水
Huidong (Daling) 口水
Dongguan (Qingxi) 口水
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 口水
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 口水
Wuhua (Huacheng) 口水
Heyuan (Bendihua) 口水
Wengyuan 口水
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 口瀾
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 口水
Liannan 口水
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 口水
Jiexi 口瀾
Luhe 口水
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 嘴瀾水
Changting 口瀾
Wuping 口瀾
Wuping (Yanqian) 喉瀾
Wuping (Pingyu) 口瀾
Liancheng 口瀾
Ninghua 口瀾
Yudu 喉瀾水
Ningdu 口瀾水
Ruijin 夫瀾水, 夫瀾
Shicheng 口瀾
Shangyou (Shexi) 口瀾
Tonggu (Sandu) 口水
Ganzhou (Panlong) 口水
Dayu 口水
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 口瀾, 口瀾水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 口瀾, 口瀾水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 口水, 口瀾, 口瀾水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 口瀾, 口瀾水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 口瀾, 口瀾水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 口瀾, 口瀾水
Hong Kong 口水
Mengshan (Xihe) 口水
Luchuan 口水
Luchuan (Daqiao) 口水
Sabah (Longchuan) 口水
Senai (Huiyang) 口水
Singkawang 口水
Huizhou Jixi 口涎, 口水
Jin Taiyuan 涎水, 唾沫, 吐沫
Xinzhou 涎水
Taibus (Baochang) 涎水
Linhe 涎水
Jining 涎水
Hohhot 涎拉子
Baotou 涎水
Dongsheng 涎水
Haibowan 涎水
Northern Min Jian'ou 瀾, 瀾水
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 唾
Eastern Min Fuzhou 瀾
Fuzhou (Changle) 瀾
Fuqing 瀾
Yongtai 瀾
Gutian 瀾
Fu'an 瀾
Ningde 瀾
Shouning 瀾
Zhouning 瀾
Fuding 瀾
Southern Min Xiamen 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
Xiamen (Tong'an) 瀾
Quanzhou 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
Zhangzhou 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
Zhao'an 瀾
Taipei 瀾, 喙瀾
New Taipei (Sanxia) 喙瀾
Kaohsiung 瀾, 喙瀾
Yilan 瀾, 喙瀾
Changhua (Lukang) 瀾
Taichung 瀾, 喙瀾
Taichung (Wuqi) 喙瀾
Tainan 瀾, 喙瀾
Taitung 喙瀾
Hsinchu 瀾, 喙瀾
Kinmen 瀾
Penghu (Magong) 瀾, 喙瀾
Penang (Hokkien) 瀾
Singapore (Hokkien) 瀾, 喙瀾
Longyan 喙瀾
Pingnan (Shangdu) 瀾水
Chaozhou 瀾
Shantou 瀾
Jieyang 瀾
Haifeng 瀾
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 瀾
Singapore (Teochew) 瀾, 喙瀾
Leizhou 瀾
Wenchang 瀾
Haikou 瀾, 瀾水
Qionghai 瀾
Singapore (Hainanese) 瀾
Puxian Min Putian 瀾
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 瀾
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 瀾
Xianyou 瀾
Xianyou (Fengting) 瀾
Xianyou (Youyang) 瀾
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 呲嘴瀾
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 涎
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 口水
Wu Shanghai 饞唾, 饞唾水
Shanghai (Chongming) 饞唾水
Suzhou 饞唾, 饞唾水
Danyang 痰吐, 涎吐, 饞吐
Hangzhou 饞唾, 饞唾水兒
Ningbo 饞唾水, 饞茶水, 瀾唾水
Wenzhou 口瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾
Jinhua 口唾水
Xiang Changsha 饞
Xiangtan 痰水子
Loudi 口水, 饞
Shuangfeng 口水, 饞
Hengyang 口水
Quanzhou 口水

Compounds

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References

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  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “唾”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 550.

Japanese

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See also 唾する

Kanji

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唾

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: た (ta)
  • Kan-on: た (ta)
  • Kan’yō-on: だ (da, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つばき (tsubaki, 唾)、つば (tsuba, 唾, Jōyō)、つ (tsu, 唾)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
唾
つばき
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 唾吐く (tsubaku, “to spit, to expectorate”), itself from 唾 (tsu, “saliva”) + 吐く (haku, “to expel from the mouth: to spit, to vomit, to exhale”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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唾(つばき) • (tsubaki) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
唾
つば
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be a shortening of tsubaki above. Alternatively, may be a fusion of tsu below with particle は (wa, originally pa in Old Japanese, combining in some cases as ba).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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唾(つば) • (tsuba) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
唾
つ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be the oldest form.[2] Possibly onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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唾(つ) • (tsu) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) spit, saliva

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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唾 (eumhun 침 타 (chim ta))

  1. hanja form? of 타 (“saliva”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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唾: Hán Nôm readings: thóa/thoá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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