含む
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 含 |
| ふく Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「含む」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
含む | ふくむ | [fùkúꜜmù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 含め | ふくめ | [fùkúꜜmè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 含まれる | ふくまれる | [fùkúmáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 含ませる | ふくませる | [fùkúmáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 含もう | ふくもー | [fùkúmóꜜò] |
| Negative | 含まない | ふくまない | [fùkúmáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 含まなかった | ふくまなかった | [fùkúmáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 含みます | ふくみます | [fùkúmímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 含んだ | ふくんだ | [fùkúꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 含んで | ふくんで | [fùkúꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | ふくめば | [fùkúꜜmèbà] |
Verb
[edit]含む • (fukumu) transitive godan (stem 含み (fukumi), past 含んだ (fukunda))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 含める |
| mediopassive | 含む |
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "含む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 含ま | ふくま | fukuma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 含み | ふくみ | fukumi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 含まれる | ふくまれる | fukumareru |
| Causative | 含ませる 含ます |
ふくませる ふくます |
fukumaseru fukumasu |
| Potential | 含める | ふくめる | fukumeru |
| Volitional | 含もう | ふくもう | fukumō |
| Negative | 含まない | ふくまない | fukumanai |
| Negative continuative | 含まず | ふくまず | fukumazu |
| Formal | 含みます | ふくみます | fukumimasu |
| Perfective | 含んだ | ふくんだ | fukunda |
| Conjunctive | 含んで | ふくんで | fukunde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | ふくめば | fukumeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 含ま | ふくま | fukuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 含み | ふくみ | fukumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
| Realis (已然形) | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 含まず | ふくまず | fukumazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 含めど | ふくめど | fukumedo |
| Causal conjunction | 含めば | ふくめば | fukumeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 含まば | ふくまば | fukumaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 含みき | ふくみき | fukumiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 含みけり | ふくみけり | fukumikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 含みつ | ふくみつ | fukumitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 含みぬ | ふくみぬ | fukuminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 含めり 含みたり |
ふくめり ふくみたり |
fukumeri fukumitari |
| Volitional | 含まむ | ふくまむ | fukumamu |
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 含 |
| くく Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 銜む |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]含む • (kukumu) transitive godan (stem 含み (kukumi), past 含んだ (kukunda))
- Synonym of 含む (fukumu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "含む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 含ま | くくま | kukuma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 含み | くくみ | kukumi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 含まれる | くくまれる | kukumareru |
| Causative | 含ませる 含ます |
くくませる くくます |
kukumaseru kukumasu |
| Potential | 含める | くくめる | kukumeru |
| Volitional | 含もう | くくもう | kukumō |
| Negative | 含まない | くくまない | kukumanai |
| Negative continuative | 含まず | くくまず | kukumazu |
| Formal | 含みます | くくみます | kukumimasu |
| Perfective | 含んだ | くくんだ | kukunda |
| Conjunctive | 含んで | くくんで | kukunde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | くくめば | kukumeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 含ま | くくま | kukuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 含み | くくみ | kukumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
| Realis (已然形) | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 含まず | くくまず | kukumazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 含めど | くくめど | kukumedo |
| Causal conjunction | 含めば | くくめば | kukumeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 含まば | くくまば | kukumaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 含みき | くくみき | kukumiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 含みけり | くくみけり | kukumikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 含みつ | くくみつ | kukumitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 含みぬ | くくみぬ | kukuminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 含めり 含みたり |
くくめり くくみたり |
kukumeri kukumitari |
| Volitional | 含まむ | くくまむ | kukumamu |
References
[edit]- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 含 read as ふく
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 含 read as くく