पा

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑː/, [päː]

पा • (pā)

1. inflection of पाना (pānā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː/

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

पा • (pā)

1. to watch, keep, preserve
2. to protect from, defend against
3. to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
4. to observe, notice, attend to, follow

Primary Verbal Forms

Secondary Forms

Non-Finite Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

Prefixed Root Forms

Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.

पा • (pā́) stem

1. keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.

Masculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Vocative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Accusative	पाम् pā́m	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā́	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभिः pā́bhiḥ
Dative	पे pé	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पः páḥ	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पः páḥ	पोः póḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m²
Locative	पि pí	पोः póḥ	पासु pā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Vocative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Accusative	पाम् pā́m	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā́	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभिः pā́bhiḥ
Dative	पे pé	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पः páḥ	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पः páḥ	पोः póḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m²
Locative	पि pí	पोः póḥ	पासु pā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Vocative	पाः pā́ḥ	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः pā́ḥ
Accusative	पाम् pā́m	पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹	पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā́	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभिः pā́bhiḥ
Dative	पे pé	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पः páḥ	पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām	पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पः páḥ	पोः póḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m²
Locative	पि pí	पोः póḥ	पासु pā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

• गोपा (gopā́)
• तनूपा (tanūpā́)

पा • (pā) stem, f

1. guarding, protecting

Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 377-8

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”).

पा • (pā)

1. to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
2. (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
3. to drink up, exhaust, absorb
4. to drink intoxicating liquors

Primary Verbal Forms

Secondary Forms

Non-Finite Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

Prefixed Root Forms

पात्र (pā́tra, “bowl, vessel, cup”) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.

पा • (pā) stem

1. drinking, quaffing, etc.

Masculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “839”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839

Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

पा • (pā)

1. to rise against, be hostile

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 378-9