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Tropical cyclones in 1995

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Tropical cyclones in 1995
Year boundaries
First systemBentha
FormedJanuary 2, 1995
Last systemDan
DissipatedDecember 31, 1995
Strongest system
NameAngela
Lowest pressure910 mbar (hPa); inHg
Longest lasting system
NameLuis
Duration15 days
Year statistics
Total systems110
Named systems74
Total fatalities2182
Total damage$13.62 billion (1995 USD)
Related articles
Other years
1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
3 tropical cyclones simultaneously active in the Atlantic Ocean with 2 disturbances on August 24. From left to right: Tropical Storm Jerry, Hurricane Iris, Hurricane Humberto, a disturbance which would develop into Tropical Storm Karen, and a disturbance which would become Hurricane Luis.

During 1995, tropical cyclones formed within seven different bodies of water called basins. To date, 110 tropical cyclones formed, of which 74 were given names by various weather agencies. The strongest storm and the deadliest storm of the year was Typhoon Angela, which reached a minimum central pressure of 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) and caused a total of 936 deaths throughout the Philippines. The costliest storm of the year was Hurricane Opal, which caused $4.7 billion in damage throughout Central America and the Gulf Coast of the United States. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1995 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 779.3 units.

1995 was a slightly below-average year for tropical cyclone formation; the most active basin of the year was the Western Pacific basin, featuring a slightly below-average number of storms. The Northern Atlantic was highly active, becoming the fourth-most active hurricane season on record. Both the Eastern Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean basins were below-average, with the Eastern Pacific featuring 11 systems, a record low for the basin. The Southern Hemisphere was relatively average, with the exception of the Southern Pacific, where both the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons became some of the most inactive seasons in the basin on record. Four Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1995.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

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During the early months of 1995, an El Niño was still in effect throughout the Eastern Pacific, though by June it had transitioned into a La Niña as the waters cooled rapidly.[1]

Summary

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1995 India cycloneHurricane TanyaTyphoon AngelaHurricane RoxanneHurricane OpalHurricane Juliette (1995)Typhoon OscarHurricane IsmaelHurricane MarilynHurricane Henriette (1995)Hurricane LuisTyphoon Kent (1995)Tropical Storm Jerry (1995)Hurricane Iris (1995)Tropical Storm Gabrielle (1995)Hurricane Felix (1995)Hurricane Erin (1995)Tropical Storm Dean (1995)Hurricane Allison (1995)Cyclone Bobbytropical cyclone basins

Systems

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January

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Cyclone Dorina

January was an inactive month, featuring only 6 systems of which 5 attained gale-force winds and were named. Bentha stayed mostly out to sea, bringing rainfall and winds to the Mascarene Islands. Celeno was a rare tropical cyclone that formed in the Mediterranean Sea, making landfall on Libya. Dorina was the strongest storm of the month, peaking as an intense tropical cyclone. Fodah affected the landmasses surrounding the Mozambique Channel and Gail produced heavy gusts in the Mascarene Islands. Only 1 storm, 01W, was not part of the 1994–95 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Bentha January 2–6 85 (50) 984 Mascarene Islands, Tromelin Island None
01W January 7–8 55 (35) 1000 Marshall Islands None None
Celeno January 14–17 55 (35) Not specified Libya Unknown Unknown
Dorina January 18–February 1 175 (110) 925 Mascarene Islands None
Fodah January 22–28 100 (65) 970 Mozambique, Madagascar None
Gail January 31–February 11 120 (75) 970 Mascarene Islands None

February

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Cyclone Bobby

February was an extremely inactive month, featuring only 3 systems of which all 3 were named by their respective Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres. Heida, the first storm of the month, stayed out to sea, affecting no landmasses. Bobby became the strongest storm of the month, making landfall near Onslow on February 25, causing $8.5 million in damages and killing 8 people as a result. Ingrid was also a relatively strong storm, causing wind gusts over the Mascarene Islands.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Heida February 3–8 75 (45) 990 None None None
Bobby February 19–27 195 (120) 925 Western Australia, Northern Territory $8.5 million 8 [2]
Ingrid February 22–March 3 150 (90) 945 Mascarene Islands None

March

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Cyclone Marlene
Tropical cyclones formed in March 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Violet March 2–8 155 (100) 960 Queensland None None
Warren March 4–7 150 (90) 960 Queensland, Northern Territory None None
Josta March 5–12 105 (65) 972 Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros, Madagascar None
Kylie March 6–14 85 (50) 984 Mascarene Islands None
Lidy March 14–20 55 (35) 996 Mascarene Islands None [3]
18P March 16–17 55 (35) 1000 Fiji None None
Marlene March 29–April 11 185 (115) 920 None None

April

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Cyclone Chloe

April was an extremely inactive month, featuring only 4 systems, of which 2 had gale-force winds and were named. Chloe was the first storm of the month, reaching the highest category on the Australian scale, making it the strongest storm of the month. Chloe made landfall just shy of peak intensity. 20P was a short-lived system, lasting for only one day. Cyclone Agnes was a strong but also small cyclone, peaking as a Category-3 equivalent cyclone. Tropical Storm Chuck was the final storm of the month, staying out to sea for the duration of its life.

Tropical cyclones formed in April 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Chloe April 3–9 220 (140) 920 Western Australia, Northern Territory None None
20P April 3–4 45 (30) 1004 None None None
Agnes April 16–23 185 (115) 945 Papua New Guinea None None
Chuck April 27–May 4 65 (40) 998 Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands None None

May

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Tropical Depression One-E

May was an exceptionally weak month, with none of the 7 systems that formed intensifying into tropical storms. BOB 01 and BOB 02 were the first storms of the month, with BOB 02 causing 39 fatalities in Andhra Pradesh. A tropical depression formed thereafter and became the strongest storm of the month, with a minimum central pressure of 996 hPa. BOB 03 formed a day later, killing 107 people in Odisha. One-E became the first storm of the 1995 Pacific hurricane season; it affected no landmasses. The month finished with 2 tropical depressions forming in the Western Pacific.

Tropical cyclones formed in May 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
BOB 01 May 5–7 55 (35) Not specified South India None None
BOB 02 May 8–10 55 (35) Not specified Andhra Pradesh None 39 [4]
TD May 13–15 Not specified 996 Ryukyu Islands None None
BOB 03 May 14–18 55 (35) Not specified Odisha None 107 [4]
One-E May 21–23 55 (35) 1005 None None None
TD May 24–25 Not specified 1008 None None None
TD May 30–June 2 55 (35) 1004 South China None None

June

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Hurricane Adolph

June was an inactive month, featuring 6 systems, of which 4 were named. Deanna was the first storm of the month, affecting the Philippines, Taiwan, and China. Allison was the second storm of the month and the first in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season, peaking as a Category 1 hurricane and affecting the Southeastern United States. Tropical Storm Eli and 2 unnamed tropical depression in the Western Pacific were all weak and relatively short-lived. Hurricane Adolph was the last named storm and strongest storm of the month, having peaked with 1-min winds of 130 mph (210 km/h), making it a Category 4 hurricane.

Tropical cyclones formed in June 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Deanna (Auring) June 1–8 75 (45) 996 Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands None None
Allison June 3–6 120 (75) 987 Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Atlantic Canada $1.7 million 1 [5]
Eli June 4–9 55 (35) 1002 None None None
TD June 8–9 Not specified 1000 South China None None
Adolph June 15–21 215 (130) 948 None None None
TD June 28–29 Not specified 1004 Vietnam None None

July

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Hurricane Barbara
Tropical cyclones formed in July 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Barry July 5–10 110 (70) 990 Atlantic Canada None None
Barbara July 7–18 220 (140) 940 None None None
TD July 7–8 Not specified 1000 None None None
Chantal July 12–20 110 (70) 991 Atlantic Canada None None
TD July 16–19 Not specified 1006 Vietnam None None
Faye (Bebeng) July 16–25 140 (85) 950 Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Korea Unknown 16 [6]
Cosme July 17–22 120 (75) 985 None None None
Dalila July 24–August 2 100 (65) 994 None None None
06W July 25–29 55 (35) 1004 Philippines None None
Dean July 28–August 2 75 (45) 999 Texas $500,000 1 [citation needed]
Gary July 28–August 2 100 (65) 980 Philippines, China None 2 [7]
TD July 28–30 Not specified 998 South China, Vietnam None None
TD July 30 Not specified 1016 None None None
Erin July 31–August 6 155 (100) 973 Bahamas, Jamaica, Eastern United States, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri $700 million 16 [8][9]

August

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Hurricane Felix
Tropical cyclones formed in August 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Erick August 1–8 100 (65) 994 None None None
Six August 5–7 55 (35) 1002 Mexico None None
Flossie August 7–14 130 (80) 978 Baja California Peninsula $5 million 1 [10]
Helen (Karing) August 7–13 110 (70) 985 Philippines, South China None None
TD August 7–8 Not specified 1010 None None None
Felix August 8–22 220 (140) 929 Puerto Rico, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Iceland, United Kingdom $3.63 million 9 [11][citation needed]
Gabrielle August 9–12 110 (70) 988 Mexico, Texas Minimal 6 [12]
Irving (Diding) August 17–20 85 (50) 990 South China None None
Gil August 19–27 100 (65) 993 Mexico Minimal None
Janis (Etang) August 20–26 85 (50) 990 Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Korea $429 million 45 [13]
11W August 21–22 45 (30) 1002 Ryukyu Islands None None
Humberto August 22–September 1 175 (110) 968 None None None
Iris August 22–September 4 175 (110) 965 Leeward Islands, Europe Unknown 5 [14][15]
Jerry August 22–28 65 (40) 1002 Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina $40 million 8 [16][citation needed]
TD August 22–23 Not specified 1002 None None None
Kent (Gening) August 24–30 155 (100) 945 Philippines, Taiwan, China $418.9 million 52 [17]
Lois August 24–31 95 (60) 980 South China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand None None
Karen August 26–September 3 85 (50) 1000 None None None
Luis August 27–September 11 240 (150) 935 Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Northeastern USA, Newfoundland $3.3 billion 19 [18][19][20][21]
Mark August 30–September 2 120 (75) 985 None None None

September

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Hurricane Opal
Tropical cyclones formed in September 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Henriette September 1–8 155 (100) 970 Mexico, Baja California Peninsula None None
Nina (Helming) September 2–7 75 (45) 992 Philippines, South Korea None None
16W September 5–10 45 (30) 1005 Vietnam None None
Fourteen September 9–13 55 (35) 1008 None None None
TD September 9–10 Not specified 1006 None None None
Marilyn September 12–22 185 (115) 949 Leeward Islands, Barbados, Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda $2.5 billion 13 [22]
Ismael September 12–16 130 (80) 983 Mexico, Southwestern United States $26 million 116 [23][24]
Oscar September 12–17 185 (115) 925 Japan $6.7 million 8 [25]
Polly (Ising) September 14–21 140 (85) 960 None None None
BOB 04 September 15–17 45 (30) 998 Myanmar, Odisha, East India None None
Ryan (Luding) September 15–24 155 (100) 940 Philippines, Taiwan, Japan None None
Juliette September 16–26 240 (150) 930 Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California Peninsula, California None None
Noel September 26–October 7 120 (75) 987 None None None
BOB 05 September 26–28 85 (50) Not specified West Bengal, East India None None
Opal September 27–October 5 240 (150) 916 Guatemala, Yucatán Peninsula, U.S. Gulf Coast, Ohio River Valley, Ontario $4.7 billion 63 [26]
Sibyl (Mameng) September 27–October 4 95 (60) 985 Philippines, China $38.5 million 108 [27]
21W September 28–29 45 (30) 1006 Vietnam None None
22W September 30–October 1 55 (35) 1016 None None None

October

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Typhoon Angela
Tropical cyclones formed in October 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Pablo October 4–8 95 (60) 994 None None None
23W October 5–6 45 (30) 1004 Vietnam None None
Roxanne October 7–21 185 (115) 956 Mexico $1.5 billion 29 [28][29][citation needed]
Ted October 7–14 95 (60) 990 Philippines, South China None None
Val October 8–14 75 (45) 996 Mariana Islands None None
TD October 11 Not specified 1006 None None None
ARB 01 October 13–17 85 (50) 996 West India, Oman, Yemen, Somalia None None
Ward (Neneng) October 16–22 155 (100) 940 Mariana Islands None None
Sebastien October 20–25 100 (65) 1001 Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico None None
Yvette (Oniang) October 23–27 95 (60) 985 Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand Unknown Unknown
Zack (Pepang) October 24–November 2 165 (105) 950 Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia None 110 [30]
Angela (Rosing) October 25–November 7 215 (130) 910 Micronesia, Philippines, South China, Vietnam $317 million 936 [31]
Tanya October 27–November 1 140 (85) 972 Azores Minimal 1 [32]

November

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Cyclone Daryl–Agnielle

November was an inactive month, with only 5 systems having formed in the month, of which 3 were named by their respective agencies. Brian was the first storm of the month, having stayed out to sea. BOB 06, also known as the 1995 India cyclone, caused extensive loss of life throughout India and Nepal, with a significant portion of the deaths being related to avalanches or landslides. Colleen was a weak and short-lived storm in the Western Pacific that stayed out to sea. Daryl–Agnielle was a strong cyclone that stayed out to sea, peaking as a Category 5 cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale and becoming the strongest storm of the month. BOB 07 was another deadly cyclone, killing 172 people, of which at least 100 were fishermen.

Tropical cyclones formed in November 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Brian November 1–3 75 (45) 998 Mariana Islands None None
BOB 06 November 6–10 120 (75) 978 India, Bangladesh, Nepal $48.83 million 236 [19][33][34]
Colleen November 13–14 55 (35) 1004 None None None
Daryl–Agnielle November 16–27 175 (110) 925 None None None
BOB 07 November 21–25 190 (115) 956 Sumatra, Myanmar, Bangladesh Unknown 172 [19]

December

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Cyclone Frank
Tropical cyclones formed in December 1995
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
32W/33W (Sendang) December 1–4 55 (35) 1004 Philippines None 14 [citation needed]
Emma December 2–16 75 (45) 990 Christmas Island Minor None [35]
Frank December 6–13 175 (110) 950 Western Australia Minor None [36]
34W December 7–14 55 (35) 1002 Vietnam None None
Gertie December 17–24 140 (85) 965 Western Australia Minor None [37]
Dan (Trining) December 25–31 100 (65) 985 Caroline Islands, Philippines Unknown Unknown
B2 December 28–31 55 (35) 995 Mascarene Islands Unknown Unknown [38]

Global effects

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Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
1995 Atlantic hurricane season 5 Antilles, Southeastern United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Gulf Coast of the United States, Great Plains, Midwestern United States, New England, Mexico, Central America, Azores 21 19 $12.32 billion 182
1995 Pacific hurricane season 5 Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, Arizona, California 11 10 $31 million 124
1995 Pacific typhoon season Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Ryukyu Islands, China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Mariana Islands, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Japan, Cambodia 47 24 $1.21 billion 1,314
1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 4 India, Myanmar, Oman, Yemen, Somalia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sumatra 8 3 $46.3 million 554
1994–95 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 6 Mascarene Islands, Tromelin Island, Madagascar, Mozambique, 10 10 Unknown None reported
1995–96 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 6 Mascarene Islands 2 1 Unknown Unknown
1994–95 Australian region cyclone season 2 Australia, Papua New Guinea 7 5 $8.5 million 8
1995–96 Australian region cyclone season 3 Sumatra, Java, Australia 4 4 Minor None
1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season 2 None 1 0 None None
1995–96 South Pacific cyclone season 3 None 0 0 None None
Worldwide (See above) 110[a] 74 $13.62 billion 2,182
  1. ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

See also

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Notes

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2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1995 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1995 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on Météo-France which uses wind gusts.

References

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  1. ^ "CPC: SPECIAL CLIMATE SUMMARY-96/1: CLIMATE CONDITIONS DURING THE 1995-96 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER". www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov. March 1996. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  2. ^ Shepherd, I.J.; Bate, P.W. (June 1997). "The South Pacific and southeast Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season 1994–95" (PDF). Australian Meteorological Magazine. 46 (2). Bureau of Meteorology: 6.
  3. ^ "NOAA's International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) data". IBTrACS. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  4. ^ a b Report on cyclonic disturbances over north Indian Ocean during 1995 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. January 1996. p. 9. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
  5. ^ Pasch, Richard J. (January 29, 1996). Hurricane Allison Preliminary Report (PDF) (Report). p. 3. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  6. ^ David Longshore (2008). "Faye, Typhoon Japan–Korea July 19–25, 1995". Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition. New York: Facts on File. p. 176. ISBN 9781438118796. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  7. ^ Tropical Cyclones in 1995 (PDF) (Report). July 1996. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  8. ^ "Plane Crash". The Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. August 4, 1995. p. 5. Retrieved January 4, 2020 – via Newspaperarchive.com.
  9. ^ Rappaport, Edward N. (November 26, 1995). Preliminary Report: Hurricane Erin (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  10. ^ "1 dead in storm flooding Tucson". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 1995-08-13. Archived from the original on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
  11. ^ Max Mayfield; Jack Beven (1995-11-19). Hurricane Felix Preliminary Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  12. ^ Dallas News (August 14, 1995). "Mexicans clean up after Tropical Storm Gabrielle". The Dallas News. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  13. ^ 1995 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). p. 93. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  14. ^ Edward N. Rappaport (2000-11-02). "Hurricane Iris Preliminary Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  15. ^ "Iris blooms into a hurricane again, more storms form". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. 1995-08-25. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
  16. ^ Richard Pasch. Tropical Storm Jerry Report. Retrieved on 2008-03-06.
  17. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1995). "JTWC Report on Kent" (PDF). United States Navy. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  18. ^ Miles B. Lawrence (January 8, 1996). "Hurricane Luis Preliminary Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  19. ^ a b c Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  20. ^ "Dominica – Hurricane Situation Report No.3". United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. September 19, 1995. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
  21. ^ "New York Event Report". National Climatic Data Center. 1995. Retrieved May 14, 2009.[permanent dead link]
  22. ^ NOAA (2007). "Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disaster" (PDF). NOAA. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-22. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
  23. ^ El Presidente de la Comisión Nacional (1996-07-30). "La Recomendación 64/96, del 30 de julio de 1996 por Huracan Ismael" (in Spanish). Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos. Archived from the original on 2010-09-03. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  24. ^ Daniel Bitrán Bitrán (2001). "Caracterásticas del Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en México en el Período 1980 – 99" (PDF) (in Spanish). Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-11. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  25. ^ Tropical Cyclones in 1995 (PDF) (Report). July 1996. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  26. ^ Mayfield, Max. Hurricane Opal (PDF) (Preliminary Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  27. ^ Tropical Cyclones in 1995 (PDF) (Report). July 1996. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  28. ^ Lixion A. Avila (November 29, 1995). "Hurricane Roxanne Preliminary Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  29. ^ Michael Krieger (2003): All the Men in the Sea. The Untold Story of One of the Greatest Rescues in History, Simon and Schuster
  30. ^ 1995 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). p. 175. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  31. ^ "THE DEADLIEST TYPHOONS OF THE PHILIPPINES (1947 – 2014)" (PDF).
  32. ^ European Parliament (1995). "Resolution on Hurricane Tanya". European Union. Archived from the original on 2008-06-23. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
  33. ^ "1995 Flood Archive". www.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  34. ^ Richard Kattelmann; Tomomi Yamada (1997). Storms and Avalanches of November 1995, Khumbu Himal, Nepal (PDF). Proceedings International Snow Science Workshop. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
  35. ^ Tropical Cyclone Emma Report (PDF) (Report). p. 1. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  36. ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Frank Report (PDF) (Report). p. 2. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  37. ^ "Severe Tropical Cyclone Gertie". www.bom.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  38. ^ "NOAA's International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) data". IBTrACS. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
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Tropical cyclone year articles (1990–1999)
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