Theropithecus brumpti

Theropithecus brumpti Temporal range: 3.3–2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Pliocene
Skull cast of T. brumpti
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Genus:	Theropithecus
Species:	†T. brumpti
Binomial name
†Theropithecus brumpti Arambourg, 1947

Theropithecus brumpti was a large terrestrial monkey that lived in the mid to late Pliocene. It is an extinct species of papionin.

This fossil primate is mostly known from skulls and mandibles found in Pliocene deposits excavated in the Shungura Formation, at the Omo River, Ethiopia. Both T. brumpti and its cousin, the extant gelada (T. gelada), were related to the baboon.^[1]

Similar to most other such animals, T. brumpti was quadrupedal with highly dexterous, manipulative hands. Males grew very large, as evidenced by a specimen found at Lomekwi, Kenya, which was estimated to have weighed approximately 43.8 kilograms.^[2] (In comparison, the male gelada averages around 20 kilograms ^[3]). In addition, the male was most likely very colorful, with the female smaller and less colorful; the species displayed a high degree of sexual dimorphism.^[2] Like most papionins, the male possessed large canine teeth, primarily for display.^[1]

Theropithecus brumpti was most likely a folivore.^[2] Large muscles in the long muzzle suggest T. brumpti ate tough vegetation, and was capable of breaking and eating large nuts.^[1]

This species was largely terrestrial, with the size of adult males making any significant arboreal lifestyle unlikely. From the locations of T. brumpti finds, the species lived in riverine forest habitats.^[2]