Lithium cyanide
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.017.554 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 1935 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| LiCN | |||
| Molar mass | 32.959 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | White Powder | ||
| Density | 1.073 g/cm3 (18 °C) | ||
| Melting point | 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) Dark coloured | ||
| Boiling point | decomposes | ||
| Soluble | |||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
N/A | ||
| Structure | |||
| - | |||
| Fourfold | |||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling:[4] | |||
  
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| Danger | |||
| H226, H300, H310, H330, H410 | |||
| P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 57 °C (135 °F; 330 K) | ||
| N/A | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | 742899 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Sodium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, Hydrogen cyanide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white coloured, hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses.
Preparation
[edit]LiCN is produced from the reaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN:[5]
- (CH3)2C(OH)CN + LiH → (CH3)2CO + LiCN + H2
Uses
[edit]The compound decomposes to cyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600 °C. Acids react to give hydrogen cyanide.[6]
Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation.[7]
- RX + LiCN → RCN + LiX
References
[edit]- ^ J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942), "The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide", Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 61, London: WILEY-VCH Verlag, doi:10.1002/recl.19420610402
- ^ Haynes, W.M (2013), "Bernard Lewis", in Bruno, Thomas. (ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: Fitzroy Dearborn, archived from the original on 2017-07-24, retrieved 2012-12-09
- ^ Material Safety Data Sheet: Lithium Cyanide, 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999
- ^ "Lithium cyanide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ^ Livinghouse, Tom (1981). "Trimethylsilyl Cyanide: Cyanosilylation of p-Benzoquinone". Org. Synth. 60: 126. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0126.
- ^ L. Pesce (2010). "Cyanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0325011416051903.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0471238966.
- ^ Harusawa, Shinya; Yoneda, Ryuji; Omori, Yukie; Kurihara, Takushi (1987). "Non-aqueous cyanation of halides using lithium cyanide". Tetrahedron Letters. 28 (36). Elsevier: 4189–4190. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95575-8.