List of shipwrecks in December 1915
Appearance
The list of shipwrecks in December 1915 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during December 1915.
December 1915 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ||
Unknown date | ||||||
References |
1 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Clan Macleod | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 100 nautical miles (190 km) east south east of Malta (35°39′N 16°43′E / 35.650°N 16.717°E) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of twelve crew.[1][2] |
HMS Comet | Royal Navy | The gunboat was lost on this date.[3] |
2 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Commodore | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 160 nautical miles (300 km) east south east of Malta by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of a crew member.[2][4] |
Norrvik | Sweden | World War I: The cargo ship, en route from Grimsby to Stockholm, struck a mine in the North Sea and sank immediately. Five casualties, but fourteen saved by the Norwegian steamer Ambra.[5] |
3 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Dante | Italy | World War I: The coaster was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Sollum, Egypt (32°20′N 26°19′E / 32.333°N 26.317°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[6] |
HMT Etoile Polaire | Royal Navy | World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the English Channel off the South Goodwin Lightship ( United Kingdom).[7] loss of 3 crew. |
Yarhisar | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The Samsun-class destroyer was torpedoed and sunk in the Gulf of İzmit by HMS E11 ( Royal Navy) with the loss of 42 of her 85 crew.[8] HMS E11 rescued 42 survivors.[9] |
Zuaia | Italy | The tanker was destroyed by fire at Popvile.[10] |
4 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Childe Harold | United States | The schooner went ashore on Hen and Chickens Reef, Nantucket Sound. Pulled off by United States Coast Guard cutters and returned to service.[11] |
Intrepido | Regia Marina | World War I: The Indomito-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Vlorë, Albania.[12] |
Re Umberto | Italy | World War I: The passenger ship struck a mine laid by SM UC-14 ( Imperial German Navy) and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Cape Linguetta, Albania. 94 people died.[13][14] |
5 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Fresnel | French Navy | World War I: The Pluviôse-class submarine ran aground in the Adriatic Sea off Shëngjin, Albania. She subsequently was sunk by SMS Warasdiner ( Austro-Hungarian Navy) Her 28 crew were taken as prisoners of war.[15][16] |
Helmsmuir | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 66 nautical miles (122 km) south by east of Gavdos, Greece by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][17] |
Pietro Lofaro | Italy | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Sollum, Egypt (32°52′N 26°53′E / 32.867°N 26.883°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy).[18] |
6 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
L. G. Goulandris | Greece | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 150 nautical miles (280 km) north west of Alexandria, Egypt (32°15′N 27°25′E / 32.250°N 27.417°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[19] |
William L. Elkins | United States | The schooner was wrecked near Cape Cottage, Cape Elizabeth.[20] |
7 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Umeta | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 112 nautical miles (207 km) east south east of Malta (35°28′N 16°56′E / 35.467°N 16.933°E) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][21][22] |
Veria | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 24 nautical miles (44 km) north west by north of Alexandria, Egypt (31°30′N 29°28′E / 31.500°N 29.467°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][23] |
8 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ignis | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 5.5 nautical miles (10.2 km) north east of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Her crew survived.[24] |
9 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Busiris | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 190 nautical miles (350 km) west north west of Alexandria, Egypt (32°50′N 26°20′E / 32.833°N 26.333°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][25] |
Klara | Sweden | The schooner suffered a damaged rudder in the North Sea and was abandoned at 56°23′N 3°34′E / 56.383°N 3.567°E). Her crew were rescued by Vesta ( Denmark).[26] |
Orteric | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 140 nautical miles (260 km) south by east of Gavdos, Greece (32°02′N 25°03′E / 32.033°N 25.050°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][27] |
Papagello | Albania | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°40′N 19°25′E / 41.667°N 19.417°E) by SM U-4 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy)[28] |
10 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ingstad | Norway | World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea four nautical miles (7.4 km) east of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Her crew survived.[29] |
Nereus | Norway | World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of a crew member.[30] |
Porto Said | Italy | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) north east of Derna, Libya (32°38′N 23°35′E / 32.633°N 23.583°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[31] |
Taşköprü | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The gunboat was sunk off the coast of Kirpen Island by Russian destroyers. |
Unknown barge | United States | The barge, under tow of Cheektowaga ( United States), sank after loosing her tow line off Seaconnet, Rhode Island. Lost with all three hands.[32] |
Yozgat | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The Kastamonu-class gunboat was sunk off the Kirpen Islands by Russian destroyers. |
11 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Pinegrove | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the English Channel 8 nautical miles (15 km) west of Cap Gris Nez, Pas-de-Calais, France with the loss of two of her crew.[33] |
Rosmed | Sweden | The cargo ship struck a rock and sank in the Norwegian Sea off Hindoen, Norway.[26] |
St. Kilda | United Kingdom | The cargo ship came ashore on Little Miquelon, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and was wrecked.[26] |
12 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Cross Sand Lightship | United Kingdom | The lightship was struck by Marga ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk.[34] |
Reşit Paşa | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The transport ship was sunk in the Sea of Marmara off Sylivra by a French Navy submarine.[35] |
SMS V107 | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The V105-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea off Liepāja, Latvia with the loss of a crew member.[36] |
13 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lanao | United States | The coaster was driven ashore on Marinduque Island, Philippines and was wrecked.[34] |
Lavengro | Denmark | The schooner was wrecked at St. John's, Newfoundland.[37] |
14 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMT Susanna | Royal Navy | The naval trawler was lost on this date.[38] |
15 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lucy Neff | United States | The steamer foundered 20 miles (32 km) east of Fenwick Island, Delaware after springing leaks in several days of rough weather. The vessel's crew was rescued by Chasehill ( United Kingdom).[39][40] |
16 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lemnos | United Kingdom | The collier was lost on this date.[3] |
Majestic | United Kingdom | The cargo ship was destroyed by fire at Sarnia, Ontario, Canada.[41] |
Nyroca | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the Kentish Knock Lightship ( United Kingdom). Her crew were rescued by Pandion ( United Kingdom )and a Royal Navy torpedo boat.[41] |
17 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
SMS Bremen | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The Bremen-class cruiser struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea off Ventspils, Lithuania. |
Carolina | United States | The barque sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean off Galveston, Texas and was abandoned by her crew.[41] |
Marien | United Kingdom | The coaster came ashore at Hartlepool, County Durham and was abandoned by her crew.[41] She broke in two on 24 December and was a total loss.[42] |
SMS V191 | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The S138-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea.[36] |
18 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Erzen | Albania | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°47′N 19°31′E / 41.783°N 19.517°E) by SM U-15 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.[43] |
Figlio Preligiona | Albania | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Adriatic Sea (41°47′N 19°31′E / 41.783°N 19.517°E) by SM U-15 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.[44] |
HMT Lottie Leask | Royal Navy | World War I: The naval trawler was shelled and sunk in the Adriatic Sea off Sazan Island, Albania (40°35′N 18°45′E / 40.583°N 18.750°E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[45] |
Nico | Norway | World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km) west of the Longsand Lightship ( United Kingdom) with the loss of two of her crew.[46] |
Northmount | United Kingdom | The cargo ship sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean and was abandoned by her crew.[42] |
20 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Belford | United Kingdom | World War I: The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel off Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France by SM UB-10 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][47] |
Huntly | United Kingdom | ( Red Cross): World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel off the Boulogne Lightship ( France) by SM UB-10 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[2][48] |
21 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Henriette | Sweden | The wooden barque departed West Hartlepool destined for Uddevalla, and the only trace of her is an empty lifeboat that was found near Aberdeen. Fifteen casualties.[49] |
Huntley | United Kingdom | World War I: The merchant ship was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine SM UB-10 ( Imperial German Navy) in the English Channel .75 miles (1.21 km) off the Boulogne light vessel.[50] |
Knarsdale | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2.75 nautical miles (5.09 km) east by south of Orfordness, Suffolk with the loss of a crew member.[3][51] |
HMS Lady Ismay | Royal Navy | World War I: The auxiliary minesweeper struck a mine and sank in the North Sea one nautical mile (1.9 km) north west of the Longsand Lightship ( United Kingdom) (51°48′N 1°39′E / 51.800°N 1.650°E) with the loss of eighteen of her crew.[52] |
Yasaka Maru | Japan | World War I: The passenger ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) off Port Said, Egypt by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy).[53] Her crew and all 120 passengers were rescued by a French Navy gunboat.[54] |
22 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Uddeholm | Sweden | The iron steamer departed Gothenburg destined for Kristiansund, and has not been heard from since. Twelve casualties. Whether the disappearance was war-related (mine) or as a result of the big storm during Christmas, has not been possible to ascertain.[55] |
23 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Carib | United States | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk by a mine in the North Sea.[56][57] |
Freya | Imperial German Navy | The Vorpostenboot was lost on this date. |
SMS S177 | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The S138-class torpedo boat struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea with the loss of seven of her crew.[36] |
Skiblander | Norway | The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Johnshaven, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom with the loss of one of her seven crew.[42] |
24 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMT Carilon | Royal Navy | World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Margate, Kent. Her crew survived.[58] |
Embla | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the Thames Estuary 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) east south east of the Tongue Lightship ( United Kingdom). She was beached but was declared a total loss. Her crew survived.[59] |
Envermeu | United Kingdom | The cargo ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued.[42] |
Lady Iveagh | United Kingdom | The collier was wrecked at St. Quentin Point, Somme, France.[3][60] |
Moor | United Kingdom | The cargo ship sank at Dundee, Perthshire.[42] |
Ville de la Ciotat | France | World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 105 nautical miles (194 km) south west of Cape Matapan, Greece (35°10′N 21°26′E / 35.167°N 21.433°E) by SM U-34 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 81 lives.[61] Survivors were rescued by Moroe ( United Kingdom).[62] |
Yeddo | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 122 nautical miles (226 km) south west by south of Cape Matapan by SM U-34 ( Imperial German Navy).[2][63] Her crew were rescued by Natal ( Denmark).[64] |
25 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lovspring | Norway | The barque was driven ashore and wrecked on the coast of Northumberland, United Kingdom.[42] |
Nereus | Sweden | The steamer, en route from Boston, Lincolnshire to Copenhagen, struck a mine in the North Sea at (53°39′N 1°17′E / 53.650°N 1.283°E)[65] and sank. Her crew were rescued.[64] |
Van Stirum | United Kingdom | World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 8 nautical miles (15 km) south south west of the Smalls Lighthouse (51°55′N 6°16′W / 51.917°N 6.267°W) by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two crew.[2][66] |
Yrsa | Denmark | The cargo ship ran aground in Aalebeks Bay. Her crew were rescued.[42] |
26 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Cottingham | United Kingdom | World War I: The coaster was shelled and sunk in the Bristol Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) south west of Lundy Island, Devon by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of seven crew.[2][67] |
HMS E6 | Royal Navy | World War I: The E-class submarine struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Harwich, Essex with the loss of 31 of her crew.[68] |
Ministre Beernaert | Belgium | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bristol Channel 40 nautical miles (74 km) west by south of Lundy Island (50°50′N 5°33′W / 50.833°N 5.550°W) by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy).[69] |
Minnie Slauson | United States | The schooner sank off Auburn Light, New York.[70] |
HMT Resono | Royal Navy | World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south east by east of the Sunk Lightship ( United Kingdom) with the loss of thirteen of her crew.[71] |
27 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Clan Davidson | United Kingdom | The cargo ship was driven ashore at Ballyquinton, County Down. She was refloated and beached in Belfast Lough.[72] |
Elizabeth Jane | United Kingdom | The schooner foundered in the Bristol Channel off The Mumbles, Glamorgan with the loss of all hands.[73] |
Export | Sweden | The cargo ship sprang a leak in the North Sea of the coast of the Netherlands and was abandoned. Her crew were rescued.[72] |
HMT Ferndale | Royal Navy | The naval trawler foundered in the Irish Sea off St. Ann's Head, Pembrokeshire with the loss of all hands.[74][75] |
Hadley | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) south east of the Shipwash Lightship ( United Kingdom). Her crew survived.[76] |
HMT Ladysmith | Royal Navy | The naval trawler foundered in the Irish Sea off the coast of Wales.[75] |
Lyra | Denmark | The schooner was driven ashore at Lyngør, Aust-Agder, Norway and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued.[72] |
Mary Jane | United Kingdom | The schooner foundered in Swansea Bay with the loss of all hands.[77] |
Thor | Denmark | The galeass capsized in the Baltic Sea off Oxö, Sweden.[62][78] |
HM Torpedo Boat 46 | Royal Navy | The TB26-class torpedo boat ran out of coal during a voyage from Port Said, Egypt, to Mudros and was wrecked while under tow in the Aegean Sea off Lemnos, Greece. She was salvaged and returned to service.[36][79][80] |
28 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
El Zorro | United Kingdom | World War I: The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) south of the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[2][81] |
29 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Abbie | United States | The barge sank on Red Hook Flats, New York.[11] |
Erin | Netherlands | World War I: The trawler caught a mine in her nets and sank in the North Sea off IJmuiden, North Holland when it exploded. Three of her eleven crew were killed.[78] |
Kenkoku Maru | Japan | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 75 nautical miles (139 km) south west of Crete, Greece (34°07′N 22°12′E / 34.117°N 22.200°E) by SM U-34 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[82] |
SMS Lika | Austro-Hungarian Navy | World War I: The Tatra-class destroyer struck a mine and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Durazzo, Albania.[83] |
Monge | French Navy | World War I: Battle of Durazzo: The Pluviose-class submarine was rammed and sunk in the Adriatic Sea off Kotor, Austria-Hungary, by one of six warships including SMS Helgoland and five Tatra-class destroyers (all Austro-Hungarian Navy).[84][15][83] |
Morning | United Kingdom | The cargo ship was sunk on this date with the loss of all but two of her crew.[85] |
SMS Triglav | Austro-Hungarian Navy | World War I: The Tatra-class destroyer struck a mine and was damaged in the Adriatic Sea off Durazzo. SMS Csepel and SMS Tatra (both Austro-Hungarian Navy) attempted to take her in tow but were unsuccessful. She was shelled and sunk by Casque ( French Navy) and five other French Navy ships.[83] |
30 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Abelia | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 152 nautical miles (282 km) west of Gavdos, Greece (34°24′N 20°51′E / 34.400°N 20.850°E) by SM U-34 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][86] |
Clan Macfarlane | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 66 nautical miles (122 km) south east of Cape Martello, Crete, Greece by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 52 crew.[2][87] |
Ellewoutsdijk | Netherlands | World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) off the Galloper Lightship ( United Kingdom) (51°42′N 1°57′E / 51.700°N 1.950°E).[88] |
Glenariff | United Kingdom | The cargo ship departed Newport, Monmouthshire for Belfast, County Antrim. No further trace, presumed foundered in the Irish Sea with the loss of all ten crew.[89] |
HMS Natal | Royal Navy |
The Duke of Edinburgh-class cruiser was sunk in the Cromarty Firth by an internal explosion with the loss of at least 390 lives. |
Nyack | United States | The steamer burned to the waterline at dock at the Crosby Transportation Company, Muskegon, Michigan. Taken to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin in 1917 and converted into a barge.[90][91] |
Persia | United Kingdom | World War I: The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Crete (34°08′N 26°19′E / 34.133°N 26.317°E) by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 343 of the 519 people on board. |
31 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Dana | Denmark | The three-masted schooner was driven ashore at Craster, Northumberland, United Kingdom and was wrecked.[92] |
HMT Responso | Royal Navy | The naval trawler was lost on this date.[38] |
Satrap | United Kingdom | The collier foundered in the Irish Sea off Manorbier, Pembrokeshire with the loss of all eleven crew.[93] |
HMT Speeton | Royal Navy | World War I: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Lowestoft, Suffolk (52°33′N 1°50′E / 52.550°N 1.833°E) with the loss of eleven of her crew.[94] |
Tynemouth | United Kingdom | The collier was lost in the Irish Sea on this date.[95] |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Active | United Kingdom | The whaler foundered off the Orkney Islands over the Christmas period with the loss of all twenty crew.[96] |
Dora | United States | The schooner barge either sunk south west of the Fenwick Island Lightship on 11 December, or went lost by stranding at Hyannis, Massachusetts on 13 December.[97][98] |
Ella M. Doughty | United States | The fishing schooner sailed from Gloucester, Massachusetts on 3 November to Little Bay Islands, Newfoundland on a fishing trip and vanished. Believed lost in a gale in November or on 5 December. Lost with all six hands.[99][100][101] |
Orleanian | United States | The steamer left New York City for Malta on 23 December 1915 or 1916, and probably sank in a storm on 26 December. Lost with all 36 hands.[102][103] |
Thomas Winsmore | United States | The schooner was abandoned during a storm off the coast of Florida. |
Wood | United Kingdom | The vessel was sunk as a blockship.[38] |
References
[edit]- ^ "Clan Macleod". Uboat.net. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action Part 1 of 3 - Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order". Naval History. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ "Commodore". Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ Swedish Board of Trade: ”Svenska handelsflottans krigsförluster 1914-1920” (Swedish Merchant Marine War losses 1914-1920), Stockholm 1921, p 211-12
- ^ "Dante". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Etoile Polaire". Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
- ^ "TURKISH or OTTOMAN NAVY". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ "British submarine exploits". The Times. No. 41031. London. 7 December 1915. col D, p. 8.
- ^ "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41030. London. 6 December 1915. col C, p. 15.
- ^ a b "Records of the T. A. Scott co". mysticseaport.org. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ "Intrepido". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Re Umberto". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "SS Re Umberto (+1915)". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ a b "French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ "a French submarine sunk". The Times. No. 41032. London. 8 December 1915. col C, p. 10.
- ^ "Helmsmuir". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Pietro Lofaro". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "L. G. Goulandris". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "William L. Elkins (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "Umeta". Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ "Previous war losses of the P. & O. Company". The Times. No. 41320. London. 9 November 1916. col D, p. 8.
- ^ "Veria". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Ignis". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Busiris". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ a b c "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41036. London. 13 December 1915. col E, p. 15.
- ^ "Orteric". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Papagello". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Ingstad". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Nereus". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ "Porto Said". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1916". Government Printing Office, Washington. Retrieved 30 January 2020 – via Haithi Trust.
- ^ "Pinegrove". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ a b "Marine insurance market". The Times. No. 41037. London. 14 December 1915. col D, p. 12.
- ^ "Big Turkish transport sunk". The Times. No. 41036. London. 13 December 1915. col B, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d "Major Warships Sunk in World War 1 1915". World War I. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41038. London. 15 December 1915. col E, p. 15.
- ^ "lucy Neff (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
- ^ "American Marine Engineer January, 1916". National Marine Engineers Beneficial Association of the United States. Retrieved 22 October 2020 – via Haithi Trust.
- ^ a b c d "Marine insurance market". The Times. No. 41041. London. 18 December 1915. col E, p. 15.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 41047. London. 27 December 1915. col F, p. 13.
- ^ "Erzen". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Figlio Preligiona". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Lottie Leask". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ "Nico". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ "Belford". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ "Huntly". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ Swedish Board of Trade: ”Svenska handelsflottans krigsförluster 1914-1920” (Swedish Merchant Marine War losses 1914-1920), Stockholm 1921, p 213-14
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Huntly". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- ^ "Knarsdale". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Lady Ismay". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
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