List of Confucian states and dynasties
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This is a list of historical and contemporary states and dynasties where Confucianism (including its various sects) was/is the state ideology or exerted/exerts significant politico-cultural influence. Its status could have been shared with other ideologies and/or religions such as Taoism, Buddhism or the Chinese folk religion at some point in time.
Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism was first adopted as state ideology by the Emperor Wu of Han upon the advice of the statesman Gongsun Hong.[1][2][3] Confucianism was later promulgated throughout the Sinosphere.[4][5]
List of historical Confucian regimes
[edit] |
Note that the dates stated are the corresponding dates for the states/dynasties, not the dates reflecting the adoption of Confucianism as state religion or its widespread influence. Entries are sorted alphabetically.
- Asuka Japan (AD 538–710)[6]
- Azuchi–Momoyama Japan (AD 1568–1600)
- Baekje (18 BC–AD 660)[7]
- Balhae (AD 698–926)[8]
- Cao Wei (AD 220–266)[9]
- Chen dynasty (AD 557–589)[10]
- Đinh dynasty (AD 968–980)
- Eastern Han (Han dynasty) (AD 25–220)[11]
- Eastern Jin (Jin dynasty) (AD 317–420)
- Early Lê dynasty (AD 980–1009)
- Early Lý dynasty (AD 544–602)
- Eastern Wu (AD 222–280)
- Eastern Zhou (Zhou dynasty) (770–256 BC)
- Goguryeo (37 BC–AD 668)[7]
- Goryeo dynasty (AD 918–1392)
- Heian Japan (AD 794–1185)[12]
- Hồ dynasty (AD 1400–1407)[13]
- Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234)[14]
Joseon dynasty (AD 1392–1897)[15][16]- Kamakura Japan (AD 1185–1333)[12]
- Korean Empire (AD 1897–1910)
- Later Baekje (AD 892–936)
- Later Han (AD 947–951)
- Later Jin (AD 936–947)
- Later Jin (AD 1616–1636)[17]
- Later Trần dynasty (1407–1413)
- Later Zhou (AD 951–960)
- Liang dynasty (AD 502–557)[10]
- Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125)[14]
- Liu Song (AD 420–479)[10]
- Lý dynasty (AD 1009–1225)[13]
- Mạc dynasty (AD 1527–1677)
- Ming dynasty (AD 1368–1644)[18]
- Muromachi Japan (AD 1336–1573)[12]
- Nara Japan (AD 710–794)[12][19]
- Ngô dynasty (AD 939–965)
- Nguyễn dynasty (AD 1802–1945)[20]
- Nguyễn lords (AD 1558–1777)
- Northern Han (AD 951–979)
- Northern Qi (AD 550–577)[21]
- Northern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 960–1127)
North Vietnam (AD 1945–1976)[22]- Northern Wei (AD 386–535)[23]
- Northern Yuan (AD 1368–1635)[24]
- Northern Zhou (AD 557–581)[25]
- Primitive Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1428–1527)
Qing dynasty (AD 1636–1912)- Revival Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1533–1789)
Ryukyu Kingdom (AD 1429–1879)- Shu Han (AD 221–263)
- Silla (57 BC–AD 935)[26]
- Southern Ming (AD 1644–1662)
- Southern Qi (AD 479–502)[10]
- Southern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 1127–1279)
South Vietnam (AD 1955–1975)[22]- Sui dynasty (AD 581–619)
- Taebong (AD 901–918)
- Tang dynasty (AD 618–690, AD 705–907)
- Tây Sơn dynasty (AD 1778–1802)[20]
- Tokugawa shogunate (AD 1790–1868)[27]
- Trần dynasty (AD 1225–1400)[13]
- Trịnh lords (AD 1545–1787)
- Western Han (Han dynasty) (202 BC–AD 9)[11]
- Western Jin (Jin dynasty) (AD 266–316)
- Western Liao (AD 1124–1218)[28]
- Western Xia (AD 1038–1227)[14]
- Wu Zhou (AD 690–705)
- Xin dynasty (AD 9–23)[29]
- Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368)[30]
List of contemporary states with Confucian influence
[edit]Entries are sorted alphabetically.
China, People's Republic of[31]
China, Republic of[32]
Japan[33]
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of[34][35]
Korea, Republic of[36]
Mongolia[37]
Republic of Singapore[38]
Socialist Republic of Vietnam[39]
See also
[edit]- Chinese culture
- Chinese influence on Korean culture
- Chinese influence on Japanese culture
- Confucianism
- Confucius
- Current Texts Confucianism
- Duke Yansheng
- Dynasties of China
- Korean Confucianism
- Edo neo-Confucianism
- Little China (ideology)
- Neo-Confucianism
- New Confucianism
- Sinosphere
- Taigu school
References
[edit]- ^ Zhao, Dingxin (2015). The Confucian-legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History. Oxford University Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780199351732.
- ^ Ni, Peimin (2016). Confucius: The Man and the Way of Gongfu. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 15. ISBN 9781442257436.
- ^ Scheidel, Walter (2014). State Power in Ancient China and Rome. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 9780190202255.
- ^ Phillips, Andrew (2010). War, Religion and Empire: The Transformation of International Orders. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9781139494014.
- ^ Fang, Weigui (2019). Modern Notions of Civilization and Culture in China. Springer. p. 27. ISBN 9789811335587.
- ^ De Cremer, David (2021). On the Emergence and Understanding of Asian Global Leadership. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 12. ISBN 9783110671988.
- ^ a b Facts about Korea. 길잡이미디어. 2010. p. 198. ISBN 9788973751013.
- ^ Shin, Hyong Sik (2005). A Brief History of Korea. Ewha Womans University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9788973006199.
- ^ Lou, Yulie (2015). Buddhism. BRILL. p. 154. ISBN 9789047427971.
- ^ a b c d "壁觀南朝：南朝王朝短命、皇帝荒淫的根本原因還是在於教育的失敗". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ a b Renard, John (2002). 101 Questions and Answers on Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto. Paulist Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780809140916.
- ^ a b c d Cua, Antonio (2013). Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 9781135367480.
- ^ a b c "儒学在越南". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ a b c "辽、夏、金为何都奉儒家思想为正统治国理念？". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Baker, Don. Korean Spirituality (University of Hawai’i Press, 2008). p 53
- ^ Koh, Byong-ik. "Confucianism in Contemporary Korea," In Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity, edited by Tu Wei-ming, (Harvard University Press, 1996) p 193
- ^ "从明末三方争霸看儒家的本质". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ "Neo-Confucianism in the Ming dynasty". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Friday, Karl (2017). Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History. Taylor & Francis. p. 233. ISBN 9781351692021.
- ^ a b "儒家思想对越南的影响". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ "北齐皇室对中国法律儒家化的贡献". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ a b Van, Nguyen Duong (2014). The Tragedy of the Vietnam War: A South Vietnamese Officer's Analysis. McFarland. p. 82. ISBN 9780786483389.
- ^ "儒家经典：北魏孝文帝思想的理论源泉". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ "中国哲学". 2005: 76.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "北周建德盛世：宇文氏43年卧薪尝胆统一北方，开启隋唐300年盛世". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Chung, Edward (1995). The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T'oegye and Yi Yulgok: A Reappraisal of the 'Four-Seven Thesis' and its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation. SUNY Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780791422755.
- ^ "What is Neo Confucianism that Adopted by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan?". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ "悍将负气西走，仅带走两百兵力，却大败三十国联军，建一世界强国". 22 October 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Qiu, Ye; Chen, Shuyu (2019). 觀光資源概要. Qian hua shu wei wen hua gu fen you xian gong si. p. 68. ISBN 9789864876952.
- ^ "元朝——短命的"儒家历史"". Retrieved 9 November 2020.
- ^ Fan, Ruiping (2011). The Renaissance of Confucianism in Contemporary China. Springer. ISBN 9789400715424.
- ^ "Analysis of Elements in Modern Taiwanese Society that Preserve Traditional Confucian Values". Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ McMullen, James (1980). "How Confucian is Modern Japan?". Asian Affairs. 11 (3): 276–283. doi:10.1080/03068378008729995. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Jin, Woong Kang (2011). "Political Uses of Confucianism in North Korea". The Journal of Korean Studies. 16 (1): 63–87. doi:10.1353/jks.2011.0000. JSTOR 41490270. S2CID 145615484. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Beauchamp, Zack (18 June 2018). "Juche, the state ideology that makes North Koreans revere Kim Jong Un, explained". Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Sleziak, Tomasz (2013). "The Role of Confucianism in Contemporary South Korean Society". Educational Theory. 66. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Huang, Min-Hua; Chang, Shu-Hsien (2017). "Similarities and Differences in East Asian Confucian Culture: A Comparative Analysis" (PDF). OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society. 7 (2): 3. doi:10.15685/omnes.2017.01.7.2.1. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ Tan, Charlene (2012). "'Our shared values' in Singapore: A Confucian perspective" (PDF). Educational Theory. 62 (4): 449–463. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00456.x. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ Bui, Ngoc Son (2013). "The Confucian Foundations of Hồ Chí Minh's Vision of Government". Journal of Oriental Studies. 46 (1). JSTOR 43498666. Retrieved 21 December 2020.