Discosea

Discosea
	Acanthamoeba sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Phylum:	Amoebozoa
Subphylum:	Lobosa
Class:	Discosea; Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004
Subclasses and orders
	Order ?Hyalodiscida; Order ?Stereomyxida; Order ?Stygamoebida; Subclass Centramoebia Order Centramoebida; Order Himatismenida; Order Pellitida; ; Subclass Flabellinia Order Dactylopodida; Order Dermamoebida; Order Thecamoebida; Order Vannellida; ;

Discosea is a class of Amoebozoa, consisting of naked amoebae with a flattened, discoid body shape.^[1] Members of the group do not produce tubular or subcylindrical pseudopodia, like amoebae of the class Tubulinea. When a discosean is in motion, a transparent layer called hyaloplasm forms at the leading edge of the cell (see lamellipodium). In some discoseans, short "subpseudopodia" may be extended from this hyaloplasm, but the granular contents of the cell do not flow into these, as in true pseudopodia. Discosean amoebae lack hard shells, but some, like Cochliopodium and Korotnevella secrete intricate organic scales which may cover the upper (dorsal) surface of the cell. No species have flagella or flagellated stages of life.^[3]^[4]

The composition of Discosea is similar to that of the class Flabellinea, proposed by Alexey Smirnov and his collaborators in 2005.^[5] However, Discosea is a more comprehensive taxon, including several groups not included in Flabellinea.^[6] In 2011, Smirnov et al. accepted Discosea as a class, and reduced Flabellinea to the rank of a subclass with the name Flabellinia.^[3]

Acanthamoeba sp.
Thecamoeba sp.
Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea)

Taxonomy

Class Discosea Cavalier-Smith 2004 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018^[7]

Order ?Hyalodiscida
- Family Hyalodiscidae Page 1976 non Poche 1913
Order ?Stereomyxida Grell 1971
- Family Stereomyxidae Grell 1966
Order ?Stygamoebida Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
- Family Stygamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
Subclass Centramoebia Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016
- Order Centramoebida Rogerson & Patterson 2002 em. Cavalier-Smith 2004
  - Family Balamuthiidae Cavalier-Smith 2004
  - Family Acanthamoebidae Sawyer & Griffin 1975 em. Tice et al. 2016
- Order Himatismenida Page 1987 [Cochliopodiida]
  - Family Parvamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
  - Family Cochliopodiidae Taranek 1882
- Order Pellitida Page 1987
  - Family Pellitidae Smirnov & Kudryavtsev 2005
  - Family Goceviidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011
Subclass Flabellinia Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011 em. Kudryavtsev et al. 2014
- Order Dactylopodida Smirnov et al. 2005
  - Family Paramoebidae Poche 1913 em. Kudryavtsev, Pawlowski & Hausmann 2011
  - Family Vexilliferidae Page 1987 em. Kudryavtsev, Pawlowski & Hausmann 2011
- Order Dermamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
  - Family Dermamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011 (Lingulate amoeba)
  - Family Mayorellidae Schaeffer 1926 em. Smirnov et al. 2011
- Order Thecamoebida Schaeffer 1926 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
  - Family Stenamoebidae Cavalier-Smith 2016
  - Family Thecamoebidae Chatton 1925 em. Smirnov et al. 2011 (striate & rugose amoeba)
- Order Vannellida Smirnov et al. 2005
  - Family Discamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967 ex Jahn, Bovee & Griffith 1974
  - Family Vannellidae (Bovee, 1970)

References

^ ^a ^b Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. -Y.; Oates, Brian (2004-05-18). "Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium". European Journal of Protistology. 40 (1): 21–48. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001.
^ Kang S, Tice AK, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Cepicka I, et al. (September 2017). "Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (9): 2258–2270. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx162. PMC 5850466. PMID 28505375.
^ ^a ^b Smirnov, Alexey V.; Chao, Ema; Nassonova, Elena S.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2011-10-01). "A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)". Protist. 162 (4): 545–570. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.04.004. ISSN 1618-0941. PMID 21798804.
^ Adl, Sina M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Bass, David; Bowser, Samuel S.; Brown, Matthew W.; Burki, Fabien; Dunthorn, Micah (2012-09-01). "The revised classification of eukaryotes". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–493. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233.
^ Smirnov, Alexey; Nassonova, Elena; Berney, Cédric; Fahrni, José; Bolivar, Ignacio; Pawlowski, Jan (2005-08-01). "Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae". Protist. 156 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2005.06.002. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 16171181.
^ "Catalogue of Organisms: Discosea: Keeping a Low Profile". coo.fieldofscience.com. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
^ Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018-09-26). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. PMC 6492006. PMID 30257078.