Black Eagle (tank)

Чёрный Орёл "Black Eagle"
Black Eagle at Omsk Arms Show in June 1999
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	Russia
Production history
Designer	Omsk Transmash
Designed	1980s
Specifications
Mass	48.0 tons
Length	~ 7.0 m
Width	3.58 m
Height	1.80 m
Crew	3
Armour	Kontakt-5 ERA Kaktus ERA
Main armament	125 mm 2A46 gun - 152 mm possible
Secondary armament	7.62 mm PKT Machine gun 12.7 mm "Kord" (Корд) anti-air machine gun
Engine	GTD-1400 (ГТД-1400), gas turbine 1400 hp[vague] (1030 kW or 1040 kW)
Power/weight	27 hp/t
Suspension	Torsion bar
Ground clearance	451 mm

The Black Eagle tank (Russian: Чёрный Орёл, Chyornyy Oryol) or Object 640 was a presumed prototype main battle tank based upon the T-80U, developed by the KBTM design bureau of Omsktransmash in the late 1990s for the Russian Federation. The Black Eagle was cancelled, with all production and development halted in 2009.^[1]

The company developing the tank, Omsktransmash, went bankrupt,^[2] with its designs and projects absorbed into Uralvagonzavod and state-owned services.^[3] Before the acquisition Uralvagonzavod was developing the T-95 in competition to the Black Eagle, and then owned the rights to both projects. However, the Russian government withdrew all support and funding for both projects, and they were superseded by the T-14 Armata,^[4][1] which was also being developed by Uralvagonzavod.^[5]

Development started during the 1980s, when the design bureau of the Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) developed a new design based on the stretched T-80U chassis. The bureau closed, and the documentation was transferred to KBTM in Omsk.

A mock-up of the Black Eagle was first demonstrated at the VTTV arms exposition in Omsk, in September 1997, making a single brief pass, far from the reviewing stands. The tank appeared to be an elongated T-80U hull topped by a very large turret and gun, obscured by camouflage netting and canvas. The turret was later found out to be a crude mock-up.^{[citation needed]}

An early prototype was shown at an arms exposition in Siberia, in June 1999. This tank had an elongated hull with seven pairs of road wheels instead of the T-80's six, and a turret still mostly obscured by camouflage netting.

The tank was based on a lengthened T-80U hull, with an extra pair of road wheels and a new turret. It appeared to have had very thick front armour and new-generation Kaktus explosive reactive armour on the hull and turret. The turret had a very large, box-shaped turret bustle instead of the traditional dome shape of previous Soviet and Russian main battle tanks.^[6]

According to Russian reports, the Black Eagle design had abandoned the carousel-style autoloader in the fighting compartment for an autoloader mounted in the large western-style turret bustle, which incorporates a blow-out armoured ammunition compartment for crew safety, like the U.S. M1 Abrams, the German Leopard 2, French Leclerc and several other modern western tanks. The prototype had a 125 mm tank gun, but it was stated that it may have accommodated a 152 mm gun,^[6] larger than the 120 and 125 mm-calibre guns of main battle tanks in service. There was debate about whether the Black Eagle would incorporate the Drozd or Arena countermeasure.

The Black Eagle project was formally cancelled in 2001 by Omsktransmash. Development of the Black Eagle was stopped due to financial problems, questions about the reliability of the design and, most importantly, the terrible performance of the T-80 upon which it was modeled in the first Chechen war. The T-80 performed so poorly that after the conflict General-Lieutenant A. Galkin, the head of the Main Armour Directorate, convinced the Minister of Defence to never again procure tanks with gas-turbine engines.^[7] This included the Black Eagle, which was later cancelled in 2009.^[1][8] Omsktransmash attempted to appeal the decision, but were unable to pursue the appeal after filing for bankruptcy in 2002.

In late 2011 it was announced that some technical solutions developed for the Black Eagle tank and Uralvagonzavods Object 195 (T-95) would be incorporated into the Armata Universal Combat Platform.^[9]

The Object 640 combined the carousel autoloader of the T-80U in the turret basket together with another autoloader in the turret bustle, unlike other Soviet and Russian tanks of the time. The turret bustle part of the autoloader housed all propellant charges and some projectiles, while the carousel autoloader only held projectiles, the less volatile part of the two-part ammunition. This new autoloader also allowed the use of longer APFSDS ammunition with increased penetration, as it was not restricted by the dimensions of the carousel autoloader.^[10]

• Jim Warford (1998). “The Resurrection of Russian Armor: Surprises from Siberia”, in Armor vol. 108, no. 5, pp 30–33. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center. ISSN 0004-2420.
• Zaloga, Steven; Markov, David (2000). Russia's Main Battle Tank T-80U. Hong Kong: Concord Publications System. pp. 4, 42–44. ISBN 962-361-656-2.

• Vasiliy Fofanov's Modern Russian Armour - click "Black Eagle MBT" in the links in the left-hand frame.