rudia

Latin

rudia

"rudia", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

rudia

-rudia (infinitive kurudia)

Conjugation of -rudia

Infinitives

Positive	kurudia
Negative	kutorudia

Imperatives

Singular	rudia
Plural	rudieni

Tensed forms

Habitual	hurudia
Positive past	positive subject concord + -lirudia
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kurudia

Positive present (positive subject concord + -narudia)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninarudia/narudia	tunarudia
2nd person		unarudia	mnarudia
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anarudia	wanarudia
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -narudia

Negative present (negative subject concord + -rudii)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sirudii	haturudii
2nd person		hurudii	hamrudii
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	harudii	hawarudii
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -rudii

Positive future	positive subject concord + -tarudia
Negative future	negative subject concord + -tarudia

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rudie)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nirudie	turudie
2nd person		urudie	mrudie
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	arudie	warudie
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -rudie

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -sirudie
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngerudia
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singerudia
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalirudia
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalirudia

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arudia)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		narudia	twarudia
2nd person		warudia	mwarudia
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	arudia	warudia
	m-mi_(III/IV)	warudia	yarudia
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	larudia	yarudia
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	charudia	vyarudia
	n_(IX/X)	yarudia	zarudia
	u_(XI)	warudia	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwarudia
	pa_(XVI)	parudia
	mu_(XVIII)	mwarudia

Perfect	positive subject concord + -merudia
"Already"	positive subject concord + -mesharudia
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jarudia
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kirudia
"If not"	positive subject concord + -siporudia
Consecutive	karudia / positive subject concord + -karudia
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -karudie

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nirudia	-turudia
2nd person		-kurudia	-warudia/-kurudieni/-warudieni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mrudia	-warudia
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-urudia	-irudia
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lirudia	-yarudia
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kirudia	-virudia
	n_(IX/X)	-irudia	-zirudia
	u_(XI)	-urudia	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kurudia
	pa_(XVI)	-parudia
	mu_(XVIII)	-murudia
Reflexive		-jirudia

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rudia- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-rudiaye	-rudiao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-rudiao	-rudiayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-rudialo	-rudiayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-rudiacho	-rudiavyo
n_(IX/X)	-rudiayo	-rudiazo
u_(XI)	-rudiao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-rudiako
pa_(XVI)	-rudiapo
mu_(XVIII)	-rudiamo

Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rudia)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yerudia	-orudia
m-mi_(III/IV)	-orudia	-yorudia
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lorudia	-yorudia
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chorudia	-vyorudia
n_(IX/X)	-yorudia	-zorudia
u_(XI)	-orudia	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-korudia
pa_(XVI)	-porudia
mu_(XVIII)	-morudia

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -rudilia
- Causative: -rudisha
- Reciprocal: -rudiana