gréas

See also: greas

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡʁe.a/ ~ /ɡʁe.ɑ/
Homophones: gréa, gréât

Verb

gréas

second-person singular past historic of gréer

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ɟɾiasˠ/
(Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɟɾeːsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish grés (“handicraft”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *gʷrensu-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”). The sense evolution would have been from "heat" to "zeal" and finally to "work."^[1]

Noun

gréas m (genitive singular gréasa, nominative plural gréasa or gréasanna)

ornamental work; ornament, ornamentation
decorative design, pattern, figure (on cloth, etc.)
needlework, embroidery
(literary, artistic) composition

Declension

Declension of gréas

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gréas	gréasa
Vocative	a ghréas	a ghréasa
Genitive	gréasa	gréas
Dative	gréas	gréasa

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an gréas	na gréasa
Genitive	an ghréasa	na ngréas
Dative	leis an ngréas don ghréas	leis na gréasa

Variant plural: gréasanna

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷrīns-/*gʷrenso-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

Etymology 2

Verb

gréas (present analytic gréasann, future analytic gréasfaidh, verbal noun gréasadh, past participle gréasta)

(transitive) Alternative form of gréasaigh (“ornament, embroider; decorate with pattern”)

Conjugation

conjugation of gréas (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	gréasaim	gréasann tú; gréasair^†	gréasann sé, sí	gréasaimid	gréasann sibh	gréasann siad; gréasaid^†	a ghréasann; a ghréasas / a ngréasann*	gréastar
	past	ghréas mé; ghréasas	ghréas tú; ghréasais	ghréas sé, sí	ghréasamar; ghréas muid	ghréas sibh; ghréasabhair	ghréas siad; ghréasadar	a ghréas / ar ghréas*	gréasadh
	past habitual	ghréasainn / ngréasainn‡‡	ghréastá / ngréastá‡‡	ghréasadh sé, sí / ngréasadh sé, sí‡‡	ghréasaimis; ghréasadh muid / ngréasaimis‡‡; ngréasadh muid‡‡	ghréasadh sibh / ngréasadh sibh‡‡	ghréasaidís; ghréasadh siad / ngréasaidís‡‡; ngréasadh siad‡‡	a ghréasadh / a ngréasadh*	ghréastaí / ngréastaí‡‡
future		gréasfaidh mé; gréasfad	gréasfaidh tú; gréasfair^†	gréasfaidh sé, sí	gréasfaimid; gréasfaidh muid	gréasfaidh sibh	gréasfaidh siad; gréasfaid^†	a ghréasfaidh; a ghréasfas / a ngréasfaidh*	gréasfar
conditional		ghréasfainn / ngréasfainn‡‡	ghréasfá / ngréasfá‡‡	ghréasfadh sé, sí / ngréasfadh sé, sí‡‡	ghréasfaimis; ghréasfadh muid / ngréasfaimis‡‡; ngréasfadh muid‡‡	ghréasfadh sibh / ngréasfadh sibh‡‡	ghréasfaidís; ghréasfadh siad / ngréasfaidís‡‡; ngréasfadh siad‡‡	a ghréasfadh / a ngréasfadh*	ghréasfaí / ngréasfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go ngréasa mé; go ngréasad^†	go ngréasa tú; go ngréasair^†	go ngréasa sé, sí	go ngréasaimid; go ngréasa muid	go ngréasa sibh	go ngréasa siad; go ngréasaid^†	—	go ngréastar
subjunctive	past	dá ngréasainn	dá ngréastá	dá ngréasadh sé, sí	dá ngréasaimis; dá ngréasadh muid	dá ngréasadh sibh	dá ngréasaidís; dá ngréasadh siad	—	dá ngréastaí
imperative		gréasaim	gréas	gréasadh sé, sí	gréasaimis	gréasaigí; gréasaidh^†	gréasaidís	—	gréastar
verbal noun		gréasadh
past participle		gréasta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

gréasta (“ornamented, embroidered, patterned”, adjective)

References

Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gréas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 grés”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gréas	ghréas	ngréas
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷrīns-/*gʷrenso-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

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