estremecer

• estemorecer, estromecer

From Old Galician-Portuguese estremecer (13th century, Alfonso X the Wise), from es- +‎ Latin tremēscō (“I begin to tremble, shake”), from tremō (“I shake, tremble”) + -ēscō.

• IPA^(key): [estɾemeˈθeɾ], (western) [estɾemeˈseɾ]

estremecer (first-person singular present estremezo, first-person singular preterite estremecín, past participle estremecido)
estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremecim or estremeci, past participle estremecido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (intransitive or pronominal) to shake, tremble
   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 506:

     os caualos fazíã tã grã rroýdo per u ýam que a terra estremeçía so seus pees

     the horses made such a large uproar wherever they go that the ground trembled under their feet

   • 1885, V.P., Un conto:

     contestoulle ela, estemorecéndose como a folliña no álbore, cando a empuxa o nordés

     she said, trembling as the little leaf on the tree, when the north-easterly wind pushes it

2. (intransitive or pronominal) to shiver

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “estremecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “estreme”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “estremecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “estremecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “estremecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “estremecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

From es- +‎ Latin tremēscere (“to begin to tremble, to shake”), from tremō (“to shake, to tremble”) + -ēscō, from Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“tremble”).

estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremeci, past participle estremecido)

1. to cause to shake

   Synonyms: abalar, balançar, chacoalhar, sacudir

   O terramoto estremeceu o prédio.

   The earthquake shook the building.

2. to shake; to tremble

   Synonym: tremer

   O prédio estremeceu devido ao terramoto.

   The building shook due to the earthquake.

3. to shiver

   Estremeciamos no frio.

   We were shivering in the cold.

4. to terrify; to send shivers down someone's spine

   Synonyms: amedrontar, apavorar, aterrorizar

From ex- (“out of”) +‎ tremiscere (“to start shaking”), from Latin tremō, whence English tremble and tremor.

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /estɾemeˈθeɾ/ [es.t̪ɾe.meˈθeɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /estɾemeˈseɾ/ [es.t̪ɾe.meˈseɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: es‧tre‧me‧cer

estremecer (first-person singular present estremezco, first-person singular preterite estremecí, past participle estremecido)

1. (transitive) to shake, make tremble, make shudder
2. (transitive) to thrill
3. (reflexive) to shudder, to flinch

• estremecedor
• estremecimiento
• estremezón (“shake; shiver, shivering”) (Colombia, Venezuela); ("tremor") (Andalusia, Caribbean)

• “estremecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28