Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mikilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) +‎ *-ilaz. The suffix may have been added due to analogy with *lītilaz/*lūtilaz (“little”), but it also might be old: compare Proto-Celtic *maglos and Ancient Greek μεγᾰ́λος (megắlos).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ki.lɑz/

Adjective

*mikilaz (comparative *maizô, superlative *maistaz)

great, large
much, many (large amount of)

Inflection

Declension of *mikilaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*mikilaz	*mikilai	*mikilō	*mikilôz	*mikilą, -atō	*mikilō
Accusative	*mikilanǭ	*mikilanz	*mikilǭ	*mikilōz	*mikilą, -atō	*mikilō
Genitive	*mikilas, -is	*mikilaizǫ̂	*mikilaizōz	*mikilaizǫ̂	*mikilas, -is	*mikilaizǫ̂
Dative	*mikilammai	*mikilaimaz	*mikilaizōi	*mikilaimaz	*mikilammai	*mikilaimaz
Instrumental	*mikilanō	*mikilaimiz	*mikilaizō	*mikilaimiz	*mikilanō	*mikilaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*mikilô	*mikilaniz	*mikilǭ	*mikilōniz	*mikilô	*mikilōnō
Accusative	*mikilanų	*mikilanunz	*mikilōnų	*mikilōnunz	*mikilô	*mikilōnō
Genitive	*mikiliniz	*mikilanǫ̂	*mikilōniz	*mikilōnǫ̂	*mikiliniz	*mikilanǫ̂
Dative	*mikilini	*mikilammaz	*mikilōni	*mikilōmaz	*mikilini	*mikilammaz
Instrumental	*mikilinē	*mikilammiz	*mikilōnē	*mikilōmiz	*mikilinē	*mikilammiz

Synonyms

*managaz

Antonyms

*lītilaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*mekō
- Old Norse: mjǫk

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *mikil
- Old English: miċel, myċel, micil
  - Middle English: muchel, michel, mickle, mikel, mochel, mochell, mukel (nonstandard), muche (apocopated form)
    - English: much
    - Geordie English: mickle, muckle
    - Scots: mickle, mikil, mekil, mukill, muckle
    - Yola: mucha, muche, much
- Old Saxon: mikil
  - Middle Low German: mēkel, mikel, michel
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: Mēkelenborch
      - German Low German: Mękelnborg
        → German: Mecklenburg, Meklenburg , Meckelnburg, Mekelnburg, Meckelenburg
- Old Dutch: mikil
  - Middle Dutch: mēkel
    - Dutch: mekel (archaic)
- Old High German: mihhil
  - Middle High German: michel
    - German: michel (archaic)
  - → Middle Low German: michel
Old Norse: mikill, mykill
- Icelandic: mikill
- Faroese: mikil
- Norn: mikkel, mukkel
- Norwegian Nynorsk: mykjen, myken (-n from acc. mikinn)
- Elfdalian: mitjin
- Old Swedish: mykil, mykin
  - Swedish: mycken (archaic)
- Old Danish: mikin
  - Danish: megen
    - Norwegian Bokmål: megen
- ⇒ Old Norse: mikit n
  - Icelandic: mikið
  - Faroese: mikið
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: mykje, myket; (dialectal) mykji, mikje
  - Norwegian Bokmål: mye
  - Old Swedish: mykit
    - Swedish: mycket n
  - Old Danish: mikit n
    - Danish: meget
      - Norwegian Bokmål: meget
Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mekila-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 361-2

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mekila-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 361-2

[1]