綜

Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎^[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

trad.		綜
simp.		综

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淙	zuːŋ, sruːŋs, *zuːŋ
鬃	zuːŋ, ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ
漴	*zruːŋs
粽	*ʔsoːŋs
宗	*ʔsuːŋ
倧	*ʔsuːŋ
綜	*ʔsuːŋs
錝	*ʔsuːŋs
賨	*zuːŋ
琮	*zuːŋ
悰	*zuːŋ
孮	*zuːŋ
誴	*zuːŋ
崇	*zruŋ
崈	*zruŋ
踪	*ʔsoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zōng, zòng

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung³ / zung¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
Northern Min (KCR): có̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): cūng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chong

(Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹ / zong³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tson

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zong
  - Wade–Giles: tsung¹
  - Yale: dzūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung³ / zung¹
  - Yale: jung / jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³ / dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³ / zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: duung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: có̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong
  - Tâi-lô: tsong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zong¹ / zong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong / tsòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³/, /t͡soŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tson
  - MiniDict: tson^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tson
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsowngH

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Baxter	tsowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

to put together; to assemble; to gather
to synthesize; to sum up
to manage; to administer
to be proficient in
Classifier for threads or hairs: strand
to become crumpled; to crease

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zèng, zòng (zeng⁴, zong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zèng
  - Wade–Giles: tsêng⁴
  - Yale: dzèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenq
  - Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
  - Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
  - Yale: dzùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
  - Palladius: цзун (czun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung³
  - Yale: jung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: duung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: tsowngH

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Baxter	tsowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

heddle (on a loom)

Japanese

Kanji

綜

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: そ (so)
Kan-on: そう (sō)
Kun: おさめる (osameru, 綜める)、すべる (suberu, 綜べる)

Korean

Hanja

綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

綜: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tống

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.