狼

狼 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 4323₂, composition ⿰犭良)

• 𦵧, 𥱉, 𮯏

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 712, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
• Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
• Unihan data for U+72FC

• Unihan data for U+F92B

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

狼

1. wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m)

   • 寧成為濟南都尉，其治如狼牧羊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     宁成为济南都尉，其治如狼牧羊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Níng Chéng wèi Jǐnán dōuwèi, qí zhì rú láng mùyáng. [Pinyin]

     When Ning Cheng was the commandant of Jinan, his governance was like a wolf tending to sheep.

2. (figurative) dirty guy; pervert
3. (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless
   • 1995, Out of the Dark:

     你使唔使咁狼呀？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

     nei⁵ sai² m⁴ sai² gam³ long⁴ aa³? [Jyutping]

     Is there any need to be this cruel?

• (wolf):

• (cruel): 兇狠／凶狠 (xiōnghěn), (Cantonese) 狼死

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. wolf

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kun: おおかみ (ōkami, 狼)^{←おほかみ (ofokami, 狼, historical)}、おおかめ (ōkame, おおかめ)^{←おほかめ (ofokame, 狼, historical)}

/opo kami₂/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).^[1][2]

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1]

• (Tokyo) おおかみ [óꜜòkàmì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3][4]
• IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠mʲi]

狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) ^{←おほかみ (ofokami)?} (counter 匹)

1. a wolf (animal)
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 56:

     犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 18, page 17:
     (Shinpukuji manuscript)

     犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō

     狼（オホカミ）

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)

     狼（ヲヽカミ）

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
   • 2006 May 20, Michiyo Akaishi, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA(アマクサ)1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:

     狼(おおかみ)って絶(ぜつ)滅(めつ)してないの？

     Ōkami tte zetsumetsu shite nai no?

     Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?

     狼(おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会(かい)長(ちょう)　今日(きょう)は

     Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa

     Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オオカミ.

• (canids) イヌ科(か) (Inu-ka, “Canidae”); 犬(イヌ) (inu, “dog”), 狼(オオカミ) (ōkami, “wolf”), 狐(キツネ) (kitsune, “fox”), コヨーテ (koyōte, “coyote”), ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”) ^{(Category: ja:Canids)}

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.^[1][4]

• IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠me̞]

狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ^{←おほかめ (ofokame)?}

1. (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
   • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"

     Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]

     Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 697:

     Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75:

     Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

     Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
• Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1444] Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
• Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lang). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (lang) (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource

狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang))

1. hanja form^? of 랑/낭 (“wolf”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

狼: Hán Việt readings: lang^[1][2][3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang^[1][2][4][5]

1. chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).

• 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)