牽牛花

Chinese

		longhorn beetle; longicorn	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (牽牛花)		牽牛	花
simp. (牵牛花)		牵牛	花

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiānniúhuā

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin¹ ngau⁴ faa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiên-ngiù-fâ / khiân-ngiù-fâ
Jin (Wiktionary): qie¹ niou¹ hua¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khan-gû-hoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiānniúhuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciannióuhua
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-niu²-hua¹
  - Yale: chyān-nyóu-hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianniouhua
  - Palladius: цяньнюхуа (cjanʹnjuxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiānniúhuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciannióuhuar
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-niu²-hua¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: chyān-nyóu-hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianniouhual
  - Palladius: цяньнюхуар (cjanʹnjuxuar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin¹ ngau⁴ faa¹
  - Yale: hīn ngàuh fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin¹ ngau⁴ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin¹ ngeo⁴ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiên-ngiù-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien^ˊ ngiu^ˇ fa^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian¹ ngiu² fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en²⁴ ŋi̯u¹¹ fa²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiân-ngiù-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian^ˊ ngiu^ˇ fa^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian¹ ngiu² fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an²⁴ ŋi̯u¹¹ fa²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qie¹ niou¹ hua¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹ niəu¹¹ xua¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Wuqi)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khan-gû-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: khan-gû-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qan'gu'hoef
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

Noun

牽牛花

Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 牽牛花 (“morning glory (Ipomoea nil)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牽牛花
Taxonomic name		牽牛
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	牽牛花兒, 喇叭花兒, 勤娘子
	Taiwan	喇叭花, 牽牛花
	Harbin	喇叭花兒, 爬山虎兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	喇叭花
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	大碗子花兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	喇叭花兒
	Wanrong	牽牛龍, 喇叭花
	Xi'an	牽牛花
	Xining	牽牛子
	Xuzhou	牽牛花兒, 牽牛花, 喇叭花兒, 喇叭花
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	喇叭花
	Lanzhou	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Ürümqi	牽牛花兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	喇叭花, 牽牛花
	Wuhan	喇叭花
	Guiyang	牽牛花
	Kunming	喇叭花
	Liuzhou	喇叭花, 牽牛花
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	喇叭花
	Yangzhou	喇叭花
	Nantong	喇叭花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喇叭花, 哬哚花
	Hong Kong	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Dongguan	喇叭花
Gan	Nanchang	喇叭花
	Lichuan	牽牛花
	Pingxiang	喇叭花
Hakka	Meixian	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Yudu	牽牛花
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牽牛花
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牽牛花
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牽牛花
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	碗花, 牽牛花
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牽牛花
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牽牛花
Huizhou	Jixi	喇叭花
Jin	Taiyuan	牽牛花, 喇叭花
Jin	Xinzhou	牽牛牛花兒, 牽牛牛
Northern Min	Jian'ou	喇叭花
Southern Min	Xiamen	鼓吹花
	Quanzhou	咹咹花
	Zhangzhou	鼓吹花
	Taipei	鼓吹花
	Kaohsiung	鼓吹花
	Yilan	鼓吹花
	Changhua (Lukang)	鼓吹仔花
	Taichung	鼓吹花
	Taichung (Wuqi)	牽牛花
	Tainan	喇叭花, 鼓吹花
	Taitung	鼓吹花
	Hsinchu	鼓吹花
	Penghu (Magong)	鼓吹花
	Penang (Hokkien)	喇叭花
	Shantou	喇叭花
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	番囝藤
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	哬哚花
Wu	Shanghai	喇叭花
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Suzhou	喇叭花
	Danyang	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Hangzhou	喇叭花
	Ningbo	喇叭花
	Wenzhou	牽牛花, 喇叭花
	Jinhua	牽牛花, 喇叭花
Xiang	Changsha	牽牛花, 喇叭花
Xiang	Loudi	喇叭花

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牽牛花):

→ Japanese: 牽牛花(けんぎゅうか) (kengyūka); 牽牛花(けんごか) (kengoka)
→ Korean: 견우화(牽牛花) (gyeonuhwa)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牽	牛	花
けん Jinmeiyō	ぎゅう Grade: 2	か Grade: 1
on'yomi

Borrowing from Chinese 牽牛花／牵牛花 (qiānniúhuā), compare Mandarin 牽牛花／牵牛花 (qiānniúhuā).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんぎゅうか [kèńgyúꜜùkà] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ŋʲɡʲɨːka̠]

Noun

牽(けん)牛(ぎゅう)花(か) • (kengyūka) ^{←けんぎうくわ (kengiukwa)^?}

Synonym of 朝顔 (asagao): Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牽	牛	花
けん Jinmeiyō	ご Grade: 2	か Grade: 1
on'yomi

Possibly influenced by 牽牛子 (kengoshi, “Japanese morning glory seeds”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんごか [kèńgóꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ŋɡo̞ka̠]

Noun

牽(けん)牛(ご)花(か) • (kengoka) ^{←けんごくわ (kengokwa)^?}

Synonym of 朝顔 (asagao): Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]