席

See also: 蓆 and 度

席	U+5E2D, 席 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E2D

← 帬
[U+5E2C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

帮 →
[U+5E2E]

Translingual

Han character

席 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿中月 (ITLB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广⿱廿巾)

Derived characters

𠻊, 𭏖, 𫟊, 𥔷, 褯, 𫏛, 𬋗, 𢅺, 蓆, 𥱊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 332, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8926
Dae Jaweon: page 638, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 741, character 4
Unihan data for U+5E2D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		席

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	tjaːɡs, hljaɡs
蟅	tjaːɡs, tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	daː, daːɡs
度	daːɡs, daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”). In the small seal script 石 has corrupted into ⿸广廿. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 巾. In the variant 𠩛, 石 corrupted into 厂 instead.

Compare 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ) and 庶 (OC *hljaɡs).

Etymology 1

Etymology unclear. Various theories have been proposed:

Wang (1982) relates this to 藉 (OC *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ), 蒩 (OC *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns).
Schuessler (2007), reconstructing this word minimally as *s-lak, relates this word to 莽 (OC *mlaʔ, *mlaŋʔ, “grass”).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) derive it from a root *tak (“to place”), with circumstantial noun prefix *s-, literally “place for putting things”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xí (xi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi²
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): qiah⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): si̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): xid⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): xieh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): sī / sīo̤
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍t / se̍k / chhio̍h / sia̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): cioh⁸ / siah⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸zhiq / ⁸ziq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xí
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sí
  - Wade–Giles: hsi²
  - Yale: syí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zik⁶
  - Yale: jihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qiah⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiaʔ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: xid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sit̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sit̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xieh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī / sīo̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵/, /siɔ⁵⁵/

Note:

sī - literary;
sīo̤ - vernacular.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
  - Tâi-lô: si̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sit
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
  - Tâi-lô: si̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tshio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioih
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɤʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰioʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰioʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: sia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siaʔ⁴/

Note:

si̍t/se̍k - literary;
chhio̍h/sia̍h - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cioh⁸ / siah⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshio̍h / sia̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰioʔ⁴/, /siaʔ⁴/

Note: siah8 - “food of a banquet”.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zhiq
  - MiniDict: zhih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵xxiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiɪʔ¹²/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸ziq
  - MiniDict: zih^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ziɪʔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: si⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 席
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕi³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕi⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/si⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/si⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕi²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕi⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/siʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ziəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/zei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/se¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/si²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɑʔ²/ ～子 /ɕiʔ⁵/ 酒～
Hakka	Meixian	/sit̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sek̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sik̚⁵/ /sia⁵/ 宴～ /t͡sʰio³⁵/ 蓆
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/si⁴⁴/ /siɔ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰioʔ⁵/ /siaʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sio³³/ 蓆 /tiak̚³/ /tia³⁵/

Middle Chinese: zjek

Rime
Character	席
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	祥易切
Baxter	zjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ziæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ziajk̚/
Li Rong	/ziɛk̚/
Wang Li	/zĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-m-tAk/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	席
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xí
Middle Chinese	‹ zjek ›
Old Chinese	/*s-m-tAk/
English	mat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	席
Reading #	1/1
No.	11912
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	席
Old Chinese	/*ljaːɡ/
Notes	說文庶省古文從石省

Definitions

席

seat
food of a banquet
Classifier for conversations.
Classifier for seats (members) in a meeting.
a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (席):

→ Japanese: 席(せき) (seki)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: tiệc

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 席 – see 蓆 (“woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 蓆).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

References

“席”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

席

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じゃく (jaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
Kun: むしろ (mushiro, 席)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
席
せき Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せき [séꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲi]

Noun

席(せき) • (seki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
席
むしろ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 席 – see the following entry.

【筵むしろ】H	[noun] [from 720] a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail [noun] [from 1170] a seat; also used in public environments [noun] [from 1603] a bed [noun] (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat Alternative spellings 蓆, 莚
【筵もしろ】H	[noun] (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above Alternative spellings 蓆, 莚

(This term, 席, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [석]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

席

Wikisource

席 (eumhun 자리 석 (jari seok))

hanja form^? of 석 (“seat”)

Vietnamese

Han character

席: Hán Nôm readings: tiệc, tịch

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]