Wuhua County (simplified Chinese: 五华县; traditional Chinese: 五華縣; pinyin: Wǔhuá Xiàn, Hakka: Ng-Fa Yen) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Meizhou in the east of Guangdong Province, China.
Wuhua
五华县 | |
|---|---|
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 Wuhua in Meizhou | |
 Meizhou in Guangdong | |
| Coordinates: 23°46′N 115°42′E / 23.767°N 115.700°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Meizhou |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,226 km2 (1,246 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
• Total | 916,961 |
| • Density | 280/km2 (740/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
located in the southwest of Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. It is one of the important birthplaces of Hakka culture. Its history can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. It has undergone many administrative adjustments and name changes, and has a profound cultural heritage. The following is a detailed historical review of Wuhua County
Names
editWuhua was formerly known as Changle (长乐; 長樂).
In the early Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, the King of Nanyue, built Changle Terrace at the foot of Wuhua Mountain (now Huacheng Town), which was the origin of the county name "Changle" in later generations. The fourth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1071)**: The county was officially established, named "Changle County" because of Changle Terrace, belonging to Xunzhou, and the county seat was located in Changle Town (now Huacheng). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was changed to Huizhou Prefecture in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), and was assigned to Jiaying Prefecture in the 11th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1733).In 1914, it was renamed "Wuhua County" because of the same name sharing as Changle County name was also in Fujian and Hubei. It was named after Wuhua Mountain in the north of the county.
History
editPre-Qin to Qin and Han:
Wuhua area belonged to Baiyue during the Warring States Period. It was included in the jurisdiction of Longchuan County, Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty (214 BC), and the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system.
Northern Song Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties:
The fourth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1071): The county was officially established, named "Changle County" because of Changle Terrace, belonging to Xunzhou, and the county seat was located in Changle Town (now Huacheng).
In the 19th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1149), the county seat was moved to Jiulonggang in Qidu (now Shuizhai Town), and moved back to Huacheng in the 29th year of Yuan Zhiyuan (1292).
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was changed to Huizhou Prefecture in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), and was assigned to Jiaying Prefecture in the 11th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1733).
From the Republic of China to the present:
In 1914, it was renamed "Wuhua County" because of the same name as Changle County in Fujian and Hubei. It was named after Wuhua Mountain in the north of the county.
In 1954, the county seat was moved from Huacheng to Shuizhai Town, and it has continued to this day.
Administrative division adjustment: In 1988, the Meixian area was changed to Meizhou City at the prefecture level, and Wuhua County was affiliated to Meizhou City.
Administrative center relocation and disputes
editRelocation from Song and Yuan Dynasties to the early Republic of China:
The county seat has changed between Huacheng and Qidu Jiulonggang many times, mainly due to geographical location and strategic needs.
After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911:
Wuhua gentry caused a dispute over the relocation of the county seat because it was old. The "uphill faction" who advocated relocation to the mouth of Qinjiang River and the "downhill faction" who maintained Huacheng had a fierce debate, but ultimately failed.
The second relocation dispute in 1947:
During the Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang government reduced the number of towns and villages, and once again sparked a discussion on relocation, forming three factions: "advocating relocation to the mouth of the river", "advocating relocation to Anliu", and "opposing relocation". In the end, it was not implemented due to the change of regime.
Geography and population
editGeographic location: Located in the hills of eastern Guangdong, in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, at 23°23′～24°12′ north latitude, 115°18′～116°02′ east longitude, with an area of 3,237.8 square kilometers.
Population: The permanent population in 2020 was 917,000, and the registered population in 2021 was 1.523 million. It is the most populous county in Meizhou City.
Terrain: Mainly mountains and hills, with the highest peak, Qimuzhang, at an altitude of 1,318 meters.
Economic and cultural characteristics
editEconomy
Traditional industries: Agriculture is mainly rice and tobacco, and industry is famous for auto parts, brewing (such as Changle Shaojiu), and pharmaceuticals.
Modern development: GDP reached 17.584 billion yuan in 2021, with the tertiary industry accounting for more than half, and tourism (such as West Lake Hot Springs and Qimuzhang Nature Reserve) growing significantly.
Culture
editHometown of Football: One of the birthplaces of modern football in mainland China, it has the Meizhou Hakka Football Club and is known as the "Hometown of Football".
Crafts and Arts: Stone carvings, puppet shows, and tea-picking plays are well-known throughout the country, and Wuhua stonemasons have participated in many buildings (such as the Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall).
Historical relics: The Qin and Han Dynasty ruins of Shixiong Mountain (Changle Terrace), Changle Academy, and the former residence of Li Weiguang, the top martial arts scholar, confirm the millennium cultural context.
Important historical events
editDevelopment in the Qin and Han Dynasties: Zhao Tuo built Changle Terrace, laying the foundation for the integration of Lingnan culture.
War of Resistance and Liberation: The Wuhua Armed Work Team of the Communist Party of China was active in the War of Liberation and promoted the struggle against the "three expeditions".
Characteristics of the people: Known for "Wuhua brothers' hard fighting" ["五華阿哥硬打硬" / "五华阿哥硬打硬"], the people are strong, and there are many loyal and brave people in history.
Ethno-linguistic make-up
editWuhua is noted for its large Hakka population. Who speak the Wuhua dialect.
Modern development
editTransportation: The Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway, Meilong High-speed Railway, and multiple highways are connected to form a "city-county 1-hour living circle".
Rural revitalization: Promote the digitalization of the soy products industry (such as the "Digital Huacheng" applet) and create cultural and tourism brands (such as the champion culture and the Qin and Han Dynasty Ruins Park).
Administrative divisions
editThe county is responsible for the administration of 16 towns[1] with the seat of government located in Shuizhai (水寨镇).
- Zhuanshui (转水镇)
- Tanxia (潭下镇)
- Guotian (郭田镇)
- Shuanghua (双华镇)
- Meilin (梅林镇)
- Huayang (华阳镇)
- Huacheng (华城镇)
- Zhoujiang (周江镇)
- Shuizhai (水寨镇)
- Hedong (河东镇)
- Qiling (岐岭镇)
- Changbu (长布镇)
- Hengbei (横陂镇)
- Anliu (安流镇)
- Mianyang (棉洋镇)
- Longcun (龙村镇)
Evolution of administrative divisions
Ming and Qing Dynasties: It was divided into "upper mountain" and "lower mountain" areas, with the Qinjiang River as the boundary, forming a Xiangdu system, and in the late Qing Dynasty, it governed 22 about 496 villages.
From the Republic of China to the modern era: It has been gradually adjusted from 8 police districts to 16 towns, and now has jurisdiction over Shuizhai, Huacheng, Anliu and other towns, and 415 administrative villages.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Wuhua (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
19.0 (66.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
21.6 (71.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
18.1 (64.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.8 (2.04) |
66.4 (2.61) |
135.8 (5.35) |
171.4 (6.75) |
189.5 (7.46) |
249.7 (9.83) |
173.6 (6.83) |
197.0 (7.76) |
136.6 (5.38) |
40.4 (1.59) |
37.2 (1.46) |
44.2 (1.74) |
1,493.6 (58.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.3 | 10.0 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 15.0 | 16.8 | 11.9 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 141.8 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 76 | 79 | 77 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 129.8 | 106.5 | 103.0 | 114.0 | 139.7 | 162.6 | 217.3 | 192.4 | 183.3 | 186.7 | 163.6 | 149.3 | 1,848.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 39 | 33 | 28 | 30 | 34 | 40 | 52 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 50 | 45 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[2][3] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ 五华县. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2014. (in Chinese)
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
External links
edit- Official website of the Wuhua People's Government (in Chinese)
