This article about White River Fauna includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2021) |
The White River Fauna are fossil animals found in the White River Badlands of South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado and Nebraska in the United States including Badlands National Park.[1]
The fossils have been found in the White River Formation, Chadron Formation, Brule Formation, and the Arikaree Formation.
Animals from the White River Badlands date from the Eocene, Oligocene, the Miocene, and the Pliocene Epochs.
List
editGenera include:
Birds
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Bathornis |
|
†Bathornithidae | Eocene-Miocene | The type genus of the Bathornithidae, large predatory birds related to seriemas.[2] | |
†Paracrax | †Bathornithidae | Closely related and similar to the conspecific Bathornis; however, it seems to have occupied more arid environments.[3] |
Mammals
editArtiodactyls
editAntracotheres
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Bothriodon |
|
†Anthracotheriidae | |||
†Elomeryx |
|
†Anthracotheriidae |
Camelids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Poebrotherium |
|
Camelidae |
Entelodonts
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Archaeotherium |
|
†Entelodontidae | Oligocene | ||
†Daeodon |
|
†Entelodontidae | Miocene |
Leptomerycids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Leptomeryx | †Leptomerycidae | The most common fossil found in the area.[4] |
Merycoidodontids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Eporeodon |
|
†Merycoidodontidae | Oligocene | ||
†Leptauchenia | †Merycoidodontidae | ||||
†Merycoidodon | †Merycoidodontidae | ||||
†Miniochoerus | †Merycoidodontidae |
Protoceratids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Protoceras | †Protoceratidae |
Ruminants
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Hypertragulus | †Hypertragulidae |
Carnivorans
editAmphiconid
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Daphoneus |
|
†Amphicyonidae | Eocene-Miocene | ||
†Parictis | †Amphicynodontinae |
Borophagin
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Archaeocyon |
|
†Borophaginae | Oligocene |
Canids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Osbornodon | Canidae |
Creodonts
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Hyaenodon |
|
†Hyaenodontidae | Eocene - Miocene |
Felids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Dinictis |
|
†Nimravidae | Eocene-Miocene | ||
†Hoplophoneus |
|
†Nimravidae | Eocene-Oligocene | ||
†Nimravus | †Nimravidae |
Epoicotheres
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Xenocranium |
|
†Epoicotheriidae | Oligocene |
Lagomorphs
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Palaeolagus | Leporidae |
Perissodactyls
editBrototheres
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Megacerops | †Brontotheriidae | Eocene - Oligocene |
Equids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Mesohippus | Equidae | ||||
†Miohippus | Equidae |
Rhinocerotoids
editAmynodonts
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Metamynodon | †Amynodontidae |
Hyracodontids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Hyracodon | †Hyracodontidae | Eocene - Oligocene |
Rhinocerotids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Subhyracodon | Rhinocerotidae |
Tapirids
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Protapirus | Tapiridae |
Rodents
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Agnotocastor |
|
Castoridae | Eocene-Miocene | ||
†Ischyromys | †Ischyromyidae |
Reptiles
editGenus | Species | Clade | Epoch | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alligator | Crocodilia | Eocene | |||
†Peltosaurus | Anguidae | ||||
†Stylemys |
|
Testudinidae |
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Rachel Benton, The White River Badlands: Geology and Paleontology, Indiana University Press 2015
- William Berryman Scott, A history of land mammals in the western hemisphere, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1913
References
edit- ^ Scott, W. B., & Jepsen, G. L. (1940). The Mammalian Fauna of the White River Oligocene: Part IV. Artiodactyla. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 28(4), 363–746. https://doi.org/10.2307/1005504
- ^ Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.
- ^ Wetmore, A. (1927). "Fossil Birds from the Oligocene of Colorado" (PDF). Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. 7 (2): 1–14.
- ^ Emry, Robert J. (1973). "Stratigraphy and Preliminary Biostratigraphy of the Flagstaff Rim Area, Natrona County, Wyoming". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (18): 1–43. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.18.1. ISSN 0081-0266.