List of Polish Head of State
editThis article presents a gallery of rulers of Poland, excluding Legendary Rulers, with images and epithets depicting some of the rulers. The gallery is credible and in line with the official version of history, acknowledging the appropriate title of Polish Tsars as rulers of Poland
Legendary Monarchs
editThe rulers of the legends are not precisely known, and the years presented are approximate. According to the Chronicles, there were two periods when the Council of Twelve Governors ruled the state.
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lech c.1730 BC – 1679 BC c.(50 years) |
1750 BC | Unknown | 1679 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Election |
Lechites | |
| Lech II c.1679 BC – 1645 BC c.(35 years) |
1710 BC Son of Lech |
Unknown | 1645 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Succession | ||
| Lasota c.1645 BC – 1620 BC c.(25 years) |
1665 BC Son of Lech II |
Unknown | 1620 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Succession | ||
| Polach c.1620 BC – 1580 BC c.(40 years) |
1635 BC Son of Lasota |
Unknown | 1580 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Succession | ||
| Szczetin c.1448 BC – 1424 BC c.(24 years) |
1482 BC Presumed descendant of Polach |
Unknown | 1424 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Succession | ||
| Wizymir c.1424 BC – 1398 BC c.(26 years) |
1450 BC Son of Szczetin |
Unknown | 1398 BC | Wojewoda Wojewodów Voivode of Voivodes Succession | ||
| Krak c.680 BC – 600 BC c.(80 years) |
710 BC | Żywia | 600 BC | Wielki Wojewoda Wojewodów Greater Voivode of Voivodes Succession |
Krakovid | |
| Krak II, son of Krak c.600 BC – 597 BC c.(3 years) |
630 BC Son of Krak |
Unknown | 597 BC | Wielki Wojewoda Wojewodów Greater Voivode of Voivodes Succession Murdered by Lech XXII. | ||
| Lech XXII, son of Krak c.597 BC – 595 BC c.(2 years) |
630 BC Son of Krak, brother Krak II |
Unknown | 595 BC | Wielki Wojewoda Wojewodów Greater Voivode of Voivodes Usurpation Murdered by a crowd when his fratricide was found out. | ||
| Wąda c.597 BC – 580 BC c.(17 years) |
627 BC Daughter of Krak, sister of Krak II and Lech XXII |
Unknown | 580 BC | Najwyższa Kapłanka Wiedzy Roda High Priestess Rodnovedy Elected/Succession She died-consecrated the River in her name. | ||
| XII Voivodes c.580 BC – 340 BC c.(240 years) | ||||||
| Liszko c.341 BC – 297 BC c.(44 years) |
363 BC | Unknown | 297 BC | Wielki Wojewoda Wojewodów Greater Voivode of Voivodes Elected |
Liszkovid | |
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Semi-legendary Monarchs
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Popiel III c.860 – 867 c.(7 years) |
833 | Unknown[A] | 867 | Lech Lechów Wandalii Wandalian King of Kings Elected Overthrown and murdered. |
Popielid [B] | |
| Chościsko Xsiadz Wandalitów c.847 – 868 c.(21 years) |
820 Distant cousin of Popiel III |
Pężyrka | 868 | Xsiadz Wandalitów Duke of Wandalities Elected |
Chościsko | |
| Piast c.868 – 891 c.(23 years)[C] |
846 Son of Chościsko |
Rzepicha | c.891 | Lech Lechów Wandalii Wandalian Kings of King Succession |
Piast | |
| Siemowit c.891 – 918 c.(27 years) |
860 Presumed son of Piast |
Żywia | 918 | Lach Wandalitów Lach Vandalities Succession | ||
| Leszko V c.918 – 929 c.(11 years) |
890 Son of Siemowit |
Unknown | 929 | Lach Wandalitów Lach Vandalities Succession | ||
| Ziemomysł[D] c.929 – 957 c.(28 years) |
c. 912 Son of Leszko V |
Gorka | 957 | Wielki Xsiadz Vandalii Greater Duke of Vandalitum Succession |
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Historical Monarchs
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mieszko I Blinded[E] c. 957–992 c.(34–35 years) |
c. 930 Son of Ziemomysł |
(1) Oldy Doubravka c. 965 2 children (2)vomit Oda c. 980 3 children |
992 | Xsiadz Schinesghe Duke of Schinesghe Succession |
Piast | |
| King Bolesław I Chorwat Bolesław I Wielki Xsiadz: 992–1025 (32–33 years) King: 1000–1025 (24–25 years) Emperor: 1025–1025 (2 months). |
967 Son of Mieszko I Blinded and Doubravka |
Hunilda (984-985) Judith (986-987) 2 children Emnilda (988-1017) 5 children, Oda of Meissen (1017-1025) 1 children Przedsława[F] (1018-1025) 2 children |
1025 Poisoned |
Xsiadz Schinesghe Duke of Schinesghe Rex Polanorum King of Poland[G] Xsiadz Czech Duke of Bohemia c.(1002-1004) Succession | ||
| King Mieszko II Indolent Mieszko II Gnuśny 1025–1031 (6 years) |
c. 989 Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda. |
vomit Rycheza (c.1005-1031)[H] 3 children |
1034 | Rex Polanorum King of Poland Succession | ||
| Duke Bezprym 1031 c.(1 year) |
c. 986 Son of Bolesław I and Judith |
Unknown | 1031 | Duke Polanorum [I] Duke of Poland Usurpation | ||
| Major Duke Mieszko II Indolent[J] 1031-1034 c.(3 year) Minor Duke Dytryk
1031–1033 |
|
c. 989 Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda. c. 995 Cousin of Mieszko II, Grandson of Mieszko I c.1001 Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda |
Divorced Unknown Unknown |
1034 1033 1032 |
Major Duke of Polanorum Greater Duke of Poland, Minors Duke of Polanorum Lessers Dukes of Poland Agreement on the division of the state. | |
| Wojewoda Masław Masław Szczodry 1034–1047 c.(12–13 years) |
c.1000 Probably descendant of Czcibor, brother of Mieszko I. |
Unknown | 1047 Murdered in battle |
Wojewoda Mazowsza Voivode Mazovia Declaration of independence |
Probably Piast | |
| King Carol the Monk[K] Karol Mnich 1039-1058 c.(18–19 years) |
c. 1016 Son of Mieszko II Indolent and Rycheza |
Dobroniega (1040-1058) 5 children |
1058 | Duke of Polanorum Duke of Poland Usurpation |
Piast | |
| King Bolesław II the Generous Bolesław II Szczodry 1058–1079 c.(20–21 years) |
c.1042 Son of Carol and Dobroniega |
Wyszesława (c.1062-1081) 5 children |
2 April 1081 Murdered |
Rex Polanorum[L] King of Poland Succession Deposed and exiled. | ||
| Duke Herman I Władysław 1079–1102 c.(22–23 years) |
c. 1046 | Przecława (c.1063-1080) 1 children Judith of Bohemia, (c.1080-1081) 1 children Judith of Swabia (c.1089-1102) 2 children |
1102 | Duke of Polanorum Duke of Poland Usurped | ||
| Duke Mieszko III Bolesławowic 1085–1087 c.(1–2 years) |
c. 1065 Son of Boleslaw II and Wyszesława |
Possibly a Hungarian princess | 1087 Poisoned by Herman I Władysław |
Princeps of Krakovia Princeps of Krakow[M] Hungarian support and a settlement with a traitorous uncle. | ||
| Titular King Vratislaus II 1085-1092 c.(6–7 years) |
1032 A distant cousin and brother-in-law of Herman I Władysław. |
Świętosława[N] (1062–1092) 5 children |
1092 | Xsiądz Czech Duke of Bohemia (1062–1092), King of Bohemia and Poland (1086–1092) Titular |
Premyslid | |
| King Bolesław III Betrayed Bolesław III Zdradzony Duke Zbygniew 1097–1107 c.(9–10 years) |
1086 Son of Herman and Judith c. 1076 Son of Herman and Przecława |
Zbysława (1102–1114) 2 children Unknown |
1138 1113 Executed on Bolesław's orders |
Rex Polanorum King of Poland Duke of Polanorum Duke of Poland. Succession |
Piast | |
| King Bolesław III Betrayed Bolesław III Zdradzony 1107-1138 c.(30–31 years) |
1086 Son of Herman and Judith |
Zbysława (1102–1114) 2 children Salomea (1115–1138) 11 children |
1138 Died of stress following the betrayal of their vassals and an insulting peace treaty. |
Rex Polanorum King of Poland Succession, united state. |
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Fragmentation of Poland
editSenior Princeps of Poland
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work is in progress
- Władysław I the Exile — 1138-1146 – 1105-1159
- Bolesław IV the Curly – 1146-1173 – 1122-1173
- Mieszko IV the Old – 1173-1201 – 1126-1202
- Casimir I the Just – 1177-1194 – 1138-1194
- Leszek VI the White – 1194-1227 – 1184-1227
- Mieszko V the Tanglefoot – 1210-1211 – 1130-1211
Dukes of Krakow
edit- Władysław II the Spindleshanks – 1202-1229 – 1167-1231
- Konrad I of Masovia – 1229-1232 / 1241-1243 – 1194-1247
- Yendzhikh I the Bearded – 1232-1238 – 1165-1238
- Yendzhikh II the Pious – 1238-1241 – 1196-1241
- Bolesław V the Turnstile – 1241 – 1223-1278
- Bolesław VI the Chaste – 1243-1279 – 1227-1279
- Leszek VI the Black – 1279-1288 – 1241-1288
- Yendzhikh IV the Righteous – 1288-1290 – 1257-1290
Candidate for the Krakow throne:
- Władysław I Opolski – 1273 – 1225-1281
- Bolesław VI Płocki – 1288-1289 – 1253-1313
Piasts, Přemyslids, Titulars, and Angevins
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Przemysł II[O] 1279–1296 (as duke) 1295–1296 (as King) (Whole Reign: 16–17 years) |
14 October 1257 Poznań Son of Przemysław and Elżbieta |
Ludgarda (1273–1283) Richeza of Sweden (1285–1292) 1 children Margaret (1293–1296) |
8 February 1296 Rogoźno Aged 38 |
Duke of Greaterpoland, Grand Duke of Poland, King of Poland Crowned King in 1295 Assassinated |
Piast | |
| King Wacław II[P] 1296–1305 (In Poland: 8–9 years) |
27 September 1271 Praga Son of Przemysław Ottokar II and Kunigunda |
Guta (1279–1297) 10 children Elżbieta-Ryksa[Q] (1303–1305) |
21 June 1305 Praga Possibly assassinated |
King of Bohemia (1278–1305), King of Poland (1296–1305) Succession (in Czech), Contracts, survival arrangements (in Poland). |
Premyslid | |
| King Wacław III 1305–1306 (0–1 years) |
6 October 1289 Praga Son of Wacław II and Guta |
Viola of Teschen (1305–1306) |
4 August 1306 Olomouc Assassinated |
King of Zapadoslavia (1305–1306), King of Hungary (1301–1305) Uncrowned Succession (in Czech-Poland), Conquest/Succession (in Hungary) | ||
| Pretender King Rudolf I Habsburg 1306–1307 (In Czech: 0–1 years) |
1281 Son of Albert and Elisabeth of Tyrol |
Elżbieta-Ryksa[Q] (1305–1307) |
4 July 1307 Horažďovice Possibly assassinated |
Archduke of Austria and Styria (1298–1307), King of Bohemia (1306–1307), Titular King of Zapadoslavia Grant of lands |
Habsburg | |
| Pretenders King Henry of Carinthia 1307-1310 (In Czech: 2–3 years) |
c. 1265, Meinhard II and Elisabeth |
Anne Premyslid[R] (1306-1313) |
2 April 1335 Tyrol |
Duke of Carinthia (1295-1335), King of Bohemia (1306–1307), Titular King of Zapadoslavia Anne Premyslid's claims |
Meinhardiner | |
| King John of Luxembourg Jan Luksemburczyk (as Polish King: 1310–1335) (as Polish King: 24–25 years) |
10 August 1296 Luxembourg Son of Henry VII and Margaret of Brabant |
Eliška Přemyslovna (1310-1330) 7 children Beatrice of Bourbon (1334-1346) 1 children |
26 August 1346 Crécy-en-Ponthieu Died in battle |
King of Bohemia (1310–1346), Titular King of Zapadoslavia (1310–1335) |
Luxembourg | |
| King Vladislav the Short (1306-1320) (as High Duke) (1320-1333)(as Kunig) (26–27 years) |
c. 1260 Son of Casimir I and Euphrosyne |
Hedwiga 6 children |
2 March 1333 Kraków |
Grand Duke of Poland, King of Krakowia Usurped |
Piast | |
| King Casimir II the Great Kazimierz II Wielki (1333-1370) (36–37 years) |
1310 Kowal, Son of Vladislav the Short and Hedwiga |
Aldona of Lithuania (1325–1339) 3 children Adelaide of Hesse (1341–1356) Jadwiga Żagańska (1365–1370) 3 children |
1370 Kraków, Died from wounds/ |
King of Krakowia (1333-1335)(United titles) King of Poland (1335-1370) Lord of Ruthenia (1349–1370) Succession and acquisition of rights | ||
| Duke Casimir III of Słupsk[S] (as Nominal successor: 1370) (0–1 years) |
1351, Son of Bogusław V and Elisabeth of Poland (1326-1361)[T] |
Kenna-Joanna Olgerdovna (1360–1368) Margaret of Masovia (1369–1377) |
1377, Died from wounds after castle assault. |
Co-duke of Pomorze-Słupskie (1374–1377), Nominal successor of King of Poland (1370), Duke of Dobrzyń (1370–1377) Succession, endowment. | ||
| Pretender Władysław the White Władysław Biały (1373), (1375-1377) (as Pretender: 1–2) |
1330, Gniewkowo, Son of Kazimierz III |
While pretending, unmarried. |
1388, Salzburg |
Claims due to sharing a common ancestor with Kazimierz II the Great | ||
| King Ludwik I Andegaweński (as Polish King: 1370-1382) (as Polish King: 11–12 years) Regents: Elżbieta Łokietówna (1370–1377), Władysław Opolski (1377-1378), |
5 March 1326, Visegrad, Son of Carl Robert and Elżbieta Łokietówna |
Margaret of Bohemia (1342–1349) Elżbieta Bośniaczka (1353-1382) 3 children |
10 September 1382, Nagyszombat |
King of Hungary and Croatia (1342-1382) King of Poland (1370-1382) Lord of Ruthenia (in Hungarian: 1378–1382) Succession (in Hungary), Succession Agreement (in Poland). |
Andegaweni | |
| Pretender King Ziemowit (1382–1383) (0–1 years) |
1356, Rawa, Son of Siemowit III and Euphemia |
Alexandra of Lithuania[U] (1387–1426) 13 children |
1426, Gostynin, Illness |
Duchy of Rawa, Płock, Sochaczew, Gostynin, Płońsk and Wizna (1373–1426) Duchy of Bełz (1388–1426), Uncrowned King of Poland (1383-1382) Titular, uncrowned Claims as the closest relative of Casimir II. |
Piast | |
| Lord of the Kingdom of Poland - Zygmunt[V] Zygmunt Luksemburczyk (1382) (0–1 years) |
1368, Nuremberg, Son of Charles IV[W] and Elizabeth of Pomerania[X] |
Mary of Anjou (1385-1395), Barbara of Celje (1405-1437) 1 children |
1437, Znojmo |
Lord of the Kingdom of Poland (1382), King of Hungary (1387-1437), King of Germany (1410-1437), King of Bohemia (1419–1437), Holy Roman Emperor (1433–1437) |
Luxembourg | |
| King Jadwiga Jadwiga Andegaweńska (1384-1386) (1–2 years) |
4 December 1373, Buda Daughter of Ludwik I Andegaweński and Elżbieta Bośniaczka |
Jogaila (1386-1399), 1 children |
17 July 1399, Kraków, Complications after childbirth |
"Self-reliant" King of Poland (1384-1386) | Andegaweni | |
| Kings Jadwiga and Władysław I Jagiełło[Y] (1386-1399) (12–13 years) |
|
1362 Son of Algirdas and Uliana |
Jadwiga (1386-1399), 1 children |
1 June 1434, Gródek Untreated cold |
Kings of Poland (1386–1399) Grand and Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) |
Andegaweni Jagiellon |
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Jagiellon Dynasty
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Władysław I Jagiełło Władysław I Jagiełło (1399-1434) (47–48 years) |
1362 Son of Algirdas and Uliana |
Jadwiga (1386-1399), 1 children Anna of Celje (1402-1416), 1 children Elizabeth Granowska (1417-1420), Sonka Holszańska (1422-1434), 3 children |
1 June 1434, Gródek Untreated cold |
King of Poland (1386–1434), Grand and Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) |
Jagiellon | |
| Heiress to the Crown Jadwiga Jagiellonka (1413–1431) (20–21 years) |
8 April 1408, Kraków Daughter of Władysław I Jagiełło and Anna of Celje |
Frederick II (1421-1431) (Fiancé) |
8 December 1431, Kraków Poisoned by the stepmother. |
Heiress of the Crown (1413–1431) | ||
| King Władysław II Jagiellon Władysław II Jagiellończyk (1434–1444) (9–10 years) |
31 October 1424 Kraków Son of Wladyslaw I Jagiello and Sonka Holszańska |
Unmarried | 10 November 1444 Warna Died in battle |
King of Poland (1434–1444) King of Hungary (1440–1444), King of Croatia-Slavonia (1440–1444) King of Dalmatia (1440–1444) King of Serbia (1444) King of Bulgaria (1444) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1434–1444) Unmarried Succession | ||
| King Casimir III Jedrzych Kazimierz IV Jędrzej (1447—1492)[Z] (44–45 years) |
30 November 1427 Kraków, Son of Wladyslaw I Jagiello and Sonka Holszańska |
Elżbieta Rakuszanka[AA] (1454-1492) 13 childrens |
7 June 1492 Grodno, Natural death |
Magnus Duke of Lithuania (1440–1444) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1440–1444) King of Poland (1447–1492) Succession | ||
| King John I Olbrecht Jan I Olbracht (1492—1501) (8–9 years) |
27 December 1459, Kraków Son of Casimir III Jedrzych and Elżbieta Rakuszanka |
Unmarried | 17 June 1501, Toruń Probably syphilis |
King of Poland (1492–1501) Elective succession | ||
| King Alexander I Jagiellon Aleksander I Jagiellończyk (1501—1506) (4–5 years) |
5 August 1461, Kraków Son of Casimir III Jedrzych and Elżbieta Rakuszanka |
Elena Ivanowna (1495—1506) | 19 August 1506, Wilno Probably untreated cold |
Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1492–1506) King of Poland (1501–1506) Elective succession | ||
| King Sigismund I the Old Zygmunt I Stary (1506—1530)[AB] (23–24 years) |
1 January 1467, Kozienice Son of Casimir III Jedrzych and Elżbieta Rakuszanka |
Katarzyna Telniczanka[F] (1498-1508) 3 children Barbara Zápolya (1512-1515) 2 children Bona Sforza (1517-1548) 6 children |
1 April 1548, Kraków Serious illness |
King of Poland (1506–1548) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1506–1548) Elective succession | ||
| Kings Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus Zygmunt I Stary i Zygmunt II August (1530—1548) (17–18 years) |
1 January 1467, Kozienice 1 August 1520, Kraków |
Bona Sforza (1517-1548) 6 children Augustus: Elżbieta Habsburżanka (1543–1545) Barbara Radziwiłł[F] (1543–1547) |
1 April 1548, Kraków 7 July 1572, Knyszyn |
King of Poland (1506–1548) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1506–1548) King of Poland (1530–1572) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1530–1572) | ||
| King Sigismund II Augustus Zygmunt II August (1548—1572)[AC] (23–24 years) |
1 August 1520, Kraków Son of Sigismund I the Old and Bona Sforza |
Barbara Radziwiłł (1547–1551) Kotryna Habsburżanka (1553–1572) |
7 July 1572, Knyszyn Probably tuberculosis |
King of Poland (1530–1572) Supreme Duke of Lithuania (1530–1572) |
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Eduard II Alexander[AD] Edward Aleksander (1573—1574) (0–1 years) |
19 September 1551, Château de Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Cathreine Mediciea |
Anna Jagiellonka[AE] Ludvika Lotareine[AF] (1575–1589) |
2 August 1589, Château de Saint-Cloud |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1573–1574) King of France (1574–1589) Election |
Valois- Angoulême | |
| Pretender King Maximilian II Habsburg (1576) (0 years) |
31 July 1527, Vienna, Son of Ferdinand I and Anna Jagiellona[AG] |
Maria Hiszpańska (1548–1576) 16 children |
12 October 1576, Regensburg, Natural death? |
Holy Roman Emperor (1562–1576), King of Bohemia (1562–1576), King of Hungary (1563–1576), Archduke of Austria (1564–1576), King-elect of Poland (1576) Elected, but this papacy choice. |
Habsburg | |
| King Anna Jagiellonka (1575—1576)[AH] (1575—1596) (11–12 years) |
18 October 1523, Kraków Daughter of Sigismund I the Old and Bona Sforza. |
Stephen Báthory (1576-1586) |
9 September 1596, Warsaw Natural death |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1574–1596) Elected co-monarch later, efforts were made to find her husband, who would be the next king. |
Jagiellon | |
| King Stephen Báthory Stefan Batory (1576—1586) (9–10 years) |
27 September 1533 Szilágysomlyó Son of Stephen of Somlyó and Katalin Telegdi |
Anna Jagiellonka (1576-1586) |
12 December 1586 Grodno Serious illness |
Prince of Erdélyi (1573-1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586) Election |
Báthory | |
| Pretender King Maximilian III Habsburg (1587–1589) (1–2 years) |
12 October 1558, Wiener Neustadt, Son of Maximilian II Habsburg and Maria Hiszpańska |
Unmarried | 2 November 1618, Vienna Natural Death |
Grandmaster of Teutonic Order (1585-1618), Regent (1593-1595) and Archduchy of Further Austria (1612-1618) King-Elect of Poland (1587-1589) Election by the pro-Habsburg faction. |
Habsburg | |
| King Sigismund III the Pitcher Zygmunt III Dzban (1587—1632) (44–45 years) |
20 June 1566, Gripsholm Castle Son of John III and Katarina Jagiellonka[AI] |
Anna Habsburżanka (1592–1598) 5 children Konstancja Habsburżanka (1605–1631) 7 children |
30 April 1632, Warsaw Serious illness |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1587–1632) King of Sweden (1592–1599)Titular King of Sweden (1599–1632) Election with the recommendation of Anna Jagiellon. |
Vasa[AJ] | |
| King Władysław III Vasa Władysław III Waza (1632—1648) (15–16 years) |
9 June 1595, Łobzów Son of Sigismund III and Anna Habsburżanka. |
Cecylia Renata Habsburżanka (1637–1644) 2 children Luiza Maria Gonzaga (1645–1648) |
20 May 1648, Merecz Serious illness |
Tsar of Russia (1610–1612) Titular Tsar of Russia (1612–1634) Potential King of Bohemia (1618) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1632–1648) Titular King of Sweden (1632–1648) Elective succession | ||
| King John II the Cardinal Jan II Kardynał (1648—1668) (19–20 years) |
22 March 1609, Kraków, Son of Sigismund III and Konstancja Habsburżanka |
Luiza Maria Gonzaga[F] (Concubinate: 1640–1648), (1648–1667) 1 children |
16 December 1672, Nevers Apoplexy |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1648–1668) Titular King of Sweden (1648–1660) Elective succession Abdication | ||
| King Michael I of the Korybut Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (1668—1673) (5–6 years) |
31 May 1640, Biały Kamień, Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Zamoyska |
Eleonora Maria (1670–1673) |
10 November 1673, Lwów Food poisoning? |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1668–1674) Election |
Wiśniowiecki | |
| King John III the Victorious Jan III Niezwyciężony (1674—1696) (21–22 years) |
17 August 1629, Olesko, Son of Jakub Sobieski and Zofia Daniłowiczówna |
Marysieńka (1665–1696) 14 children |
17 June 1696, Wilanów, Sudden heart attack |
Banner_of_Sigismund_III_Vasa.svg} King-Elect of Poland (1674–1676), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1676–1696) Election |
Sobieski | |
| King-Elect François Louis Burbon Franciszek Ludwik Burboński (1696) (169 days) |
30 April 1664, Palace de Conti, Son of Armand de Bourbon and Anna Maria Martinozzi. |
Maria Teresa Burbońska (1688—1709) 7 children |
22 Febuart 1709, Tenement de Conti Gout and syphilis. |
Prince of Conti (1685-1709), King-Elect of Poland (1696) Election |
Bourbon -Condé | |
| King Frederick I August Fryderyk August Wettyn (1697—1706) (9 years, 29 days) (1709–1733) (23 years, 116 days) |
12 May 1670, Dresden Son of John George III and Anna Sophie of Denmark |
Christiane Eberhardine (1693–1727) 1 children many concubin. (1694–1722) (recog.) 8 children |
1 February 1733 Warsaw Drunkard |
Elector of Saxony (1694—1733), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1697—1706) and (1709—1733) Election by a minority |
Wettin | |
| King Stanisław I Stanisław I Leszczyński (1706—1709) (23 years, 116 days) |
20 October 1677, Lwów, Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Leszczyńska |
Katarzyna Leszczyńska (1698–1747) 2 children |
23 February 1766 Lunéville, Serious burns |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1704–1709) Duke of Lorraine and Bar Election (1704), Election by majority(1736) Abdication/Overthrow |
Leszczyński | |
| KingFrederick II Augustus Fryderyk II August (1706—1709) (27 years, 89 days) |
17 October 1696 Dresden, Son of Frederick I August and Christiane Eberhardine |
Maria Józefa (1719–1757) 14 children |
5 October 1763, Dresden, Apoplexy |
Elector of Saxony (1733—1763), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1697—1706) Election by a minority |
Wettin | |
| King Stanisław II Antonius Stanisław II Antonii (1764-1795) (31 years, 80 days) |
17 January 1732, Wołczyn Apprentice of Ferdynand Brunszwicki |
Urszula Zamoyska[AK] Catherine Sophie (c. 1757) 2 children Magdalena Agnieszka Sapieha[F] (1763–1772) 2 children Elżbieta Szydłowska[F][AL] (1789–1798) 5 children |
12 February 1798, Piotrogród Apoplexy |
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1764—1795) Controlled election Abolised/Abdication |
Poniatowski |
Interreges:
- Jakub Uchański – 1572-1573, 1574-1575
- Stanisław Karnkowski – 1586-1587
- Jan Wężyk – 1632
- Maciej Łubieński – 1648
- Mikołaj Prażmowski – 1668-1669
- Florian Czartoryski – 1673-1674
- Andrzej Trzebicki and Stefan Wierzbowski – 1674
- Augustyn Raziejowski – 1696-1697, 1704
- Mikołaj Święcicki – 1704-1705
- Teodor Potocki – 1733-1734
- Aleksander Łubieński – 1763-1764
Congress Kingdom
edit| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsar Alexander II the Blessed Aleksander II Błogosławiony (1801—1825) (24 years, 254 days) |
23 December 1777, Piotrogród Son of Paweł I Piotrovich and Maria Feodorovna |
Luiza of Baden (1793–1825) 2 children |
1 December 1825, Taganrog Typhus |
Tsar of Russia (1801–1825), Grand Duke of Finland (1809–1825), King of Poland (1815–1825) Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1801–1825) Succession (in Russia), Conquest (in Finland), Restored (in Poland) |
Gottorp- Romanov | |
| Nominal Tsar Konstantin Pavlovich[AM] Konstanty Pawłowicz (1825) (25 days) |
8 May 1779, Carskie Sioło, Son of Paweł I Piotrovich and Maria Feodorovna |
Joanna Grudzińska[AL] (1820–1831) |
27 June 1831, Vitebsk Cholera |
Namiestnik/Viceroy of Poland (1814—1830), Nominal Tsar of Russia. Poland (1825), Nominal Grand Duke of Finland (1825) | ||
| Tsar Nikolai I the Accursed Mikołaj I Wyklęty (1825—1855) (29 years, 92 days) |
6 July 1796 Carskie Sioło, Son of Paweł I Piotrovich and Maria Feodorovna |
Alexandra Michaiłówna[AN] (1817–1855) 7 children Charlotta Koberwein[F] (1817–1855) 1 children Varvara Yakovleva[F] (c.1828) 1 children Varvara Nelidova[F] (1832–1855) c.1 children |
2 March 1855 Petersburg Pneumonia |
Tsar of Russia (1801–1825), Grand Duke of Finland (1809–1825), King of Poland (1815–1831) King of Wisła (1831–1855) Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1825–1855) Succession | ||
| Tsar Alexander III the Liberator Aleksander III Wyzwoliciel (1855—1881) (26 years, 12 days) |
29 April 1818, Moscow Son of Nikolai I the Accursed and Alexandra Mikołajowna |
Maria Aleksandrowna (1841–1880) 8 children Katya Michaliłówna[F][AL] (1866/1880–1881) 4 children |
13 March 1881, Petersburg Assassination |
Tsar of Russia (1855—1881), Grand Duke of Finland (1855—1881), King of Wisła (1855—1881) Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1855—1881) Succession | ||
| Tsar Alexander IV the Peacemaker Aleksander IV Rozjemca (1855—1884) (29 years, 12 days) |
10 March 1845, Petersburg, Alexander III the Liberator and Maria Aleksandrowna |
Maria Aleksandrowna (1866–1884) 6 children |
1 November 1894, Livadia Serious illness |
Tsar of Russia (1855—1884), Grand Duke of Finland (1855—1884), King of Wisła (1855—1884) Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1855—1884) Succession | ||
| Tsar Saint Nikolai II the Stalwart Mikołaj II Wytrwały (1884—1917)[AO] (In Poland: 22 years, 5 days) |
18 May 1868 Carskie Sioło, Son of Alexander IV the Peacemaker and Maria Aleksandrowna |
Saint Aleksandra Mikołajewna (1894–1918) 5 children |
17 July 1918, Yekaterinburg Assassination |
Tsar of Russia (1884—1917), Grand Duke of Finland (1884—1917), King of Wisła (1884—1915) Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1884—1917) Succession Assumption (in Poland) Abdication/Overthrow (in Russia) | ||
| Nominal Tsar Michał Romanow Michał I Romanow (1917)[AP] (2 days) |
4 December 1878, Petersburg Son of Son of Alexander IV the Peacemaker and Maria Aleksandrowna |
Natalia Brasova [F][AL] (1907/1912—1917) 1 children |
13 June 1918, Perm Assassination/Execution |
Nominal Tsar of Russia (1917), Nominal Grand Duke of Finland (1917), Nominal King of Wisła (1917) Nominal Tsar of Kazan, Astrachan, Siberia (1917) Nomination of Saint Nikolai II the Stalwart Refusal |
Candidates for the Polish Crown in 1918
editAdditionally, artistic royal names of the candidates will be revealed. No birth dates will be disclosed; the potential personal union will only be mentioned in a footnote.
- Karol Stefan Habsburg-Lorraine – Kazimierz IV Stefan Żywieccki – [AQ]Habsburg-Lorraine
- Karol Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine – Kazimierz IV Olbracht Żywieccki[AR] – Habsburg-Lorraine
- Albrecht Eugen von Württemberg – Olbracht Wirtemberski – Württemberg
- Hans Heinrich von Hochberg – Jan IV Henryk Pszczyński – Hochberg
- Emanuele Filiberto – Bolesław IV Olbracht Sabaudzki[AS] – Savoy
- Joachim Franz Hohenzollern – Stanisław III Hohenzollern – Hohenzollern
- Ludwig Luitpold Wittelsbach – Władysław IV Ludwik Bawarski[AT] – Wittelsbach
- Friedrich Christian Wettin – Zygmunt IV Krystian Miśnieński [AU] – Wettin
- Wilhelm von Urach – Mendog I Władysław[AV] – Urach
- Kyril Heinrich Preslav-Coburg – Aleksander V Cyryl Koburg – Saxe-Coburg
- Zdzisław Lubomirski – Zdzisław I Lubomirski – Lubomirski
- Janusz Radziwiłł – Janusz I Radziwiłł – Radziwiłł
- Józef Klemens Piłsudski – Mieczysław V Piłsudski – Piłsudski
Presidents and others
editCouncil of State (1917)
- Wacław Niemojowski (1865-1939) – ~1917
- Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski (1865-1939) – ~1917
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Title/Claim | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleksander Kakowski (1917—1918) (1 year, 19 days) |
5 February 1862, Dębiny |
– | 30 December 1938, Warsaw |
Archbishop of Warsaw, (1913—1938); Regent of Poland, (1917—1918). |
Kakowski | |
| Zdzisław Lubomirski (1917—1918) (1 year, 19 days) |
4 April 1865, Nizhny Novgorod |
Maria Lubomirska (1893—1934) 3 children |
31 July 1943, Mała Wieś |
Prince-Regent of Poland, (1917—1918). |
Lubomirski | |
| Józef Ostrowski (1917—1918) (1 year, 19 days) |
21 January 1850, Maluszyn |
– | 20 June 1923, Maluszyn |
Regent of Poland, (1917—1918) |
Ostrowski |
Republic of Poland
edit| Name | Photo | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Political Party | Title/Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Józef Klemens Piłsudski[AW] (1918—1922) (4 years, 28 days) |
5 December 1867, Zułowo |
Maria Koplewska[AX] (1899—1921) Aleksandra Szczerbińska[F] (1907/1921—1935) 2 children |
12 May 1935, Warsaw |
Polish Socialist Party (1893—1918); Independence (1918—1926); Sanation (1926—1935). |
Chief of State (1918—1922); Chief of State[AY] (1926—1935) | |
| Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (1922) (6 days) |
29 March 1865, Telsze |
Ewa Krzyżanowska (1901—1920) 2 children |
16 December 1922, Warsaw |
(1922) |
President (1922) Election | |
| Maciej Rataj (1922) (7 days) |
19 February 1884, Chłopy |
Bolesława Wilczyńska (1909—1940?) 1 children |
21 June 1940, Palmiry |
PSL: Piast (1899—1931) |
Acting President (1922), Acting President (1926), Marshal of the Sejm (1922—1928) | |
| Stanisław Wojciechowski (1922–1926) (3 years, 144 days) |
15 March 1869, Tyniec |
Maria Wojciechowska, (1899—1953) 2 childrens |
9 April 1953, Warsaw |
PSL: Piast (1899—1927) |
President (1922—1926) Election | |
| Maciej Rataj (1926) (21 days) |
19 February 1884, Chłopy |
Bolesława Wilczyńska (1909—1940?) 1 children |
21 June 1940, Palmiry |
PSL: Piast (1899—1931) |
Acting President (1922), Acting President (1926), Marshal of the Sejm (1922—1928) | |
| Ignacy Mościcki (1926—1939) (13 years, 119 days) |
1 December 1867, Mierzanowo |
Michalina Mościcka (1892—1932) 5 childrens Maria Mościcka[F] (1933—1946) |
2 October 1946, Versoix |
Sanation (1926—1939), (1935—1939) |
President (1926—1939) Election | |
| Władysław Raczkiewicz (1939—1945) (5 years, 279 days) |
28 January 1885, Kutaisi |
Jadwiga Raczkiewicz (?—1947?) |
6 czerwca 1947, Ruthin |
(1926—1939) |
President (1939—1947) |
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Polish People's Republic
edit| Name | Photo | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Political Party | Title/Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolesław Bierut (1945—1947) (2 years, 36 days) |
18 April 1892, Rury |
Janina Górzyńska-Bierut (1921—1956) 2 childrens |
12 March 1956, Moskva |
Polish Workers' Party (1942–1948) (1948–1956) |
President State National Council (1944—1947) President (1947—1952), (1948—1956) | |
| Franciszek Trąbalski (1947) (1 day) |
10 October 1870, Tschempin |
Mary Mackowiak (1895?—1964?) 1 childrens |
27 July 1964, Zabrze |
Polish Workers' Party (?–1948) (1948–1964) |
Acting President (1947) | |
| Władysław Kowalski | ||||||
| Bolesław Bierut (1947—1952) (5 years, 290 days) (1948—1956)[AZ] (7 years, 216 days) |
18 April 1892, Rury |
Janina Górzyńska-Bierut (1921—1956) 2 childrens |
12 March 1956, Moskva |
Polish Workers' Party (1942–1948) (1948–1956) |
President State National Council (1944—1947) President (1947—1952), (1948—1956) | |
| Edward Ochab (1956) (216 days) |
16 August 1906, Kraków |
Rozalia Ochab, (1926?—1989) 4 childrens |
1 May 1989, Warsaw |
Polish Workers' Party (1942–1948) (1948–1968) |
(1956) | |
| Władysław Gomułka (1956—1970) (14 years, 61 days) |
6 February 1905, Krosno |
Zofia Gomułkowa, (1902—1982) |
1 September 1982, Konstancin-Jeziorna | |||
| Edward Gierek (1970—1980) (9 years, 262 days) |
6 January 1913, Porąbka |
Stanisława Gierek, (1918—2001) 2 children |
29 July 2001, Cieszyn |
Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1981) |
(1970—1980) | |
| Stanisław Kania (1970—1980) (1 year, 43 days) |
8 March 1927, Wrocanka |
Wanda Jasińska, (?1932—2020?) |
3 March 2020, Warsaw | |||
| Wojciech Jaruzelski (1970—1980) (7 years, 285 days) |
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Polish People's Republic
edit| Name | Photo | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Political Party | Title/Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wojciech Jaruzelski | |||||||
| Lech Wałęsa | |||||||
| Aleksander Kwaśniewski | |||||||
| Lech Kaczyński | |||||||
| Acting | |||||||
| Bronisław Komorowski | |||||||
| Duda Andrew | |||||||
Notes
edit- ^ German wife
- ^ A side branch of the old House of Popielid, returning to power, returned to the name of the old dynasty.
- ^ Son of Chościsko
- ^ Thinking of Earth
- ^ Mieszko I Ślepy - When Popiel III adopted the criminal faith of Byzantium, he effectively created syncretism with the previous faith called Arianism. Unfortunately, the Blind Man decided to sell himself and the entire country, which collapsed under his and his ancestors' rule.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Concubinate
- ^ And also, for the time being, the Holy Roman Emperor-elect.
- ^ As a result of her own conspiracies, Richeza lost her royal crown, so she separated/divorced Mieszko II and continued to call herself queen.
- ^ His father's crowns were stolen by Richeza while she was exiled with her son, making him unable to become king.
- ^ Reigning again
- ^ Commonly called Kazimierz, although he denied this name, considering it barbaric. Also not considered king, perhaps because he was the Emperor's puppet, but the coronation took place.
- ^ Crowned in 1058
- ^ Supreme Duke of Krakow
- ^ Sister of Bolesław II the Generous and Herman I Władysław.
- ^ The numbering comes from Greaterpoland from his father Przemysł I.
- ^ The numbering comes from Czechia from his grandfather Václav I.
- ^ a b Daughter of Przemysł II
- ^ Daughter of Wacław II
- ^ Widespreadly known as Kaźko Słupski, the grandson of Casimir II the Great, mentioned in his grandfather's will.
- ^ Daughter of Casimir II the Great and Aldona.
- ^ After the conclusion of efforts for the crown.
- ^ Iure uxoris as husband Mary of Anjou.
- ^ Son of John of Luxembourg.
- ^ Granddaughter of Casimir II the Great.
- ^ Iure uxoris
- ^ In 1444-1447, he most likely also took care of the Kingdom of Poland, during negotiations and the potential return of his brother, provided he survived the Battle of Varna.
- ^ Great-great-granddaughter of Casimir II the Great
- ^ Personally until 1548
- ^ Coregent from 1548
- ^ Actually called Henry III of Valois.
- ^ The promise of marriage, a condition for becoming the King of Poland.
- ^ After escaping from Poland and becoming the king of France.
- ^ Grandaughter of Casimir III Jedrzych
- ^ As the King of Poland, she held the title for life; however, she did not exercise any competencies associated with it, relinquishing them first to her husband and later to her nephew.
- ^ Daughter of Sigismund I the Old.
- ^ Recognized as Jagiellons
- ^ Symbolic queen-consort of Poland, unrelated to Antoni.
- ^ a b c d Morganatic marriage
- ^ Konstatin renounced his rights to the throne in 1823 when he married Joanna Grudzińska; nevertheless, he was declared the nominal Tsar of Russia in 1825.
- ^ Second name after her husband
- ^ effectively ceased to be the King of Poland on 5 November 1916.
- ^ Refusal to accept the office
- ^ Temporarily
- ^ If his father, Karol Stefan, were to become king, and later, if Karol Olbracht were to become king, he would be known as Casimir V Olbracht Żywieccki
- ^ To honor the first historical king of Poland - Bolesław I the Great.
- ^ Union with Kingdom of Bavaria.
- ^ In future union with Kingdom of Saxony.
- ^ Union with Kingdom of Lietuvos.
- ^ As Namiestnik Państwa (Chief of State)
- ^ Separated
- ^ Unofficial Head of State
- ^ as First Secretary